Term
| True or false: The statement "Acid rain causes declines in Adirondack fish populations" is an example of a scientific hypothesis. |
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Which of the following statements is a testable hypothesis?
Negative attitudes interfere with the function of the immune system.
Men who belong to fraternities are better looking than men who do not belong to fraternities.
People who wear copper bracelets have greater relief from arthritis than people who do not wear copper bracelets.
Evolution is a result of the intervention of God in the development of organisms. |
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Definition
| People who wear copper bracelets have greater relief from arthritis than people who do not wear copper bracelets. |
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Susan observes that vegetarians in her dorm experience fewer colds than nonvegetarians. Which of the following statements would be the best prediction for a test of this hypothesis?
If college students take vitamin C, then they will avoid colds.
If vegetarians eat meat, then they will become ill.
If a person is a vegetarian, then he or she will experience fewer colds than a nonvegetarian.
Eating meat causes colds.
People who have fewer colds are most likely vegetarians. |
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Definition
| f a person is a vegetarian, then he or she will experience fewer colds than a nonvegetarian. |
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Term
Which of the following situations could bias the results of an experiment?
Ann agrees to participate in a psychology study for her class, but has no prior knowledge of what she will be asked in the provided survey.
George is a statistician who collects information from researchers' surveys and compiles the data. Each survey is coded so he doesn't know what the survey is testing.
Fred knows that he is participating in a weight loss study and guesses that he is in the control group.
Carol takes a pill each day as part of a drug study; she has no idea what the pill contains or what it is expected to do.
Julie is a lab technician hired to conduct surveys for her supervisor; she is not told what the studies are designed to test. |
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Definition
| Fred knows that he is participating in a weight loss study and guesses that he is in the control group. |
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Term
True or false: The graph below suggests that there is no correlation between the stress level of the subjects and the amount of sleep per night.
Look at desktop pic |
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Definition
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Which of the following statements best describes a double-blind experiment?
The researcher does not tell the subjects whether they are in the control or experimental groups.
The researcher does not know if the subjects are in the control or experimental groups.
Neither the research subjects nor the researchers know who is in the control and experimental groups.
The research subjects do not know who is performing the measurements for their experiment. |
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Definition
| Neither the research subjects nor the researchers know who is in the control and experimental groups |
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Term
| rue or false: A large sample size decreases the likelihood that an experimental result will be significant. |
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Definition
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Term
| Statistics are an important tool in scientific research because |
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Definition
| they help scientists distinguish between results that are not consistent with their hypothesis and those that deviate just by chance. |
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Term
| True or false: Any scientific information that appears in a written format is considered a primary source. |
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Definition
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Term
| A celebrity promotes a product by saying, "It worked for me." This information is an example of a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| Living things are able to maintain homeostasis. What is homeostasis? |
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Definition
| a relatively constant internal environment |
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Term
| Substances that donate protons (H+) to a solution are called |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: The main function of proteins in a cell is to provide energy for daily activities. |
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Definition
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Term
| An organic molecule always contains one or more atoms of |
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Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is false?
The base cytosine is complementary to the base guanine.
Nucleic acids are composed of monomer nucleotides, each composed of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate.
The rungs of a DNA double helix are composed of complementary base pairs that are held together by covalent bonds.
The handrails of the DNA double helix are composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone. |
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Definition
| The rungs of a DNA double helix are composed of complementary base pairs that are held together by covalent bonds. |
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Term
| How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ? |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. |
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Term
Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
chloroplasts
cell wall
Golgi apparatus
nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following organelles is involved in the conversion of food energy to ATP in eukaryotic cells?
lysosomes
centrioles
mitochondria
ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following organisms is composed of prokaryotic cells?
goldfish
E. coli bacteria
hawk
human |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements best describes the plasma membrane?
It is found in plant cells only.
It has a hydrophobic core.
It is permeable to all substances.
It is composed of lipids and steroids only. |
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Definition
| It has a hydrophobic core. |
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Term
| What is the solvent in a sports drink that contains water, high fructose corn syrup, sodium chloride, and food coloring? |
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Definition
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Term
| A neutral atom necessarily has |
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Definition
| equal numbers of protons and electrons. |
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Term
| Butter is an example of a |
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Definition
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Term
| The body often makes molecules called free radicals as it performs its normal chemical processes. These free radicals are able to damage important molecules, such as DNA, that can then initiate health problems associated with cancer and aging. To fight against free radical damage, the body naturally makes antioxidants, but it cannot make enough antioxidants to combat all of the free radicals in the body. It is believed that antioxidants consumed as part of a balanced diet can help to neutralize these free radicals. Examples of antioxidants are vitamin C and vitamin E, as well as pigments found in many orange and leafy vegetables. How should antioxidants be obtained as part of a healthy balanced diet? |
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Definition
| Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables are low in fat and high in complex carbohydrates and fiber, making them an excellent choice for a balanced diet. |
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Term
| What is the nutritional value of lettuce? |
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Definition
| It is a source of dietary fiber. |
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Term
Which of the following statements about minerals is false?
Minerals can be either organic or inorganic molecules.
Minerals can be obtained from meats, vegetables, and grains.
Minerals cannot be synthesized by the body.
Minerals can be removed from food by boiling. |
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Definition
| Minerals can be either organic or inorganic molecules. |
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Term
Which of the following vitamins is not fat soluble?
vitamin B
vitamin E
vitamin K
vitamin A |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
Amino acids are important in determining the shape of an enzyme.
Molecules bind to an enzyme's active site.
One enzyme can catalyze many different types of reactions involving a variety of substrates.
The shape of an enzyme determines its specificity. |
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Definition
| One enzyme can catalyze many different types of reactions involving a variety of substrates. |
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Term
Which of the following molecules would move across a membrane most easily?
small molecules, such as charged amino acids
small hydrophobic molecules, such as oxygen
ions, such as chloride
large hydrophilic molecules, such as glucose |
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Definition
| mall hydrophobic molecules, such as oxygen |
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Term
Which of the following statements about transport across a membrane is true?
Only large hydrophilic molecules are transported into cells via endocytosis.
Osmosis is the spontaneous movement of any molecule from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Molecules that move spontaneously down their concentration gradient via active transport require a transport protein to cross the membrane.
Molecules that move via simple diffusion cross membranes directly, without the assistance of transport proteins |
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Definition
| Molecules that move via simple diffusion cross membranes directly, without the assistance of transport proteins. |
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Term
| Brad is a wrestler on the college team. He often starves himself to make his weight division. Even between seasons, he finds himself avoiding food altogether at times to stave off his fear of becoming fat. He needs to continually lift weights in order to maintain muscle size. True or false: Brad is anorexic. |
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Definition
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| Stephen and Julie are amateur weight lifters and often work out in the gym together. Julie has a goal to become as "cut" as Stephen in her arm and leg muscles. Although Julie has the same percent body fat as Stephen, she is having trouble reaching this goal. Why? |
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Definition
| Women store more fat in their muscles than men do and have a thicker skin layer that causes even well-developed muscles to have a smooth appearance. |
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Term
Which of the following diseases is a risk for severely underweight individuals?
diabetes
hypertension
sterility
atherosclerosis |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements describes a good reason for eating a low-fat diet?
Fat tissue requires high amounts of oxygen and nutrients for energy production, leading to greater blood volume and increased blood pressure.
Fat is an "empty" food and adds very little nutritional value to the diet.
Saturated fat causes diabetes in older individuals.
Fat does not add flavor to food. |
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Definition
| Fat tissue requires high amounts of oxygen and nutrients for energy production, leading to greater blood volume and increased blood pressure. |
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Term
| True or false: As water heats up, hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: Some organisms appear to have already altered their distribution as a consequence of global climate change. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements about carbon dioxide is true?
It is produced by cellular respiration and consumed by photosynthesis.
It can only enter the atmosphere through volcanic eruptions.
It combines with pyruvic acid to produce ATP.
Its past levels in the atmosphere cannot be measured.
It is removed from the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels. |
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Definition
| It is produced by cellular respiration and consumed by photosynthesis. |
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Term
Which of the following reactions occurs during glycolysis?
Glucose is converted into water.
Glucose is converted into carbon dioxide.
Glucose is converted into ATP.
Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid. |
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Definition
| Glucose is converted into pyruvic acid. |
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Term
Which of the following statements best describes the molecule ATP?
ATP stores energy that can be used by cells.
ATP is regenerated from ADP during cellular respiration.
All of these statements are true.
ATP is composed of adenine, a sugar, and three phosphates.
ATP can be used to perform many types of cellular work. |
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Definition
| All of these statements are true. |
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Term
| What is the role of chlorophyll during the process of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Chlorophyll absorbs short and long wavelengths of light, capturing the energy used to produce carbohydrate molecules. |
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Term
Which of the following groups contains the basic components required for plant growth and photosynthesis?
water, light, oxygen, warmth
light, certain nutrients, carbon dioxide, oxygen
water, oxygen, certain nutrients, light
water, light, carbon dioxide, certain nutrients |
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Definition
| water, light, carbon dioxide, certain nutrients |
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Term
| Which structures allow the flow of carbon dioxide into a plant? |
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Definition
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Term
| C4 plants differ from C3 plants in that C4 plants |
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Definition
| use an additional enzyme to obtain carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| How do CAM plants differ from C3 plants? |
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Definition
| CAM plants obtain carbon dioxide at night and store it for use during the day. |
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Term
Which of the following high-energy molecules produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis are used to drive the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADH
ATP and NADPH
ATP and oxygen
NADPH and carbon dioxide |
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Definition
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Definition
| Tentative explanation for an observation that requires testing to validate. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| A logical process that argues from specific instances to a general conclusion. |
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Definition
| Making a prediction about the outcome of a test; “if / then” statements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Result expected from a particular test of a hypothesis if the hypothesis were true. |
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Definition
| Body of scientifically accepted general principles that explain natural phenomena. |
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Definition
| Contrived situation designed to test specific hypotheses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Information collected by scientists during hypothesis testing. |
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Term
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Definition
is the formal, explicit, and regular adherence to the following procedure:
Devise alternative hypotheses;
Devise a crucial experiment (or several of them), with alternative possible outcomes, each of which will, as nearly as possible, exclude one or more of the hypotheses;
Carry out the experiment so as to get a clean result;
(Goto 1) - Recycle the procedure, making subhypotheses or sequential hypotheses to refine the problems that remain; and so on. |
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