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| In the Ghent Altarpiece, the lamb symbolized the? |
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| The First international commercial stock exchange was established in? |
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| Philip the Bold's largest artistic enterprise was the? |
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| During the Hundred Years' War, a weakened French monarchy allowed a group of duchies to rise and challenge the power of the king, the strongest of these was? |
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| The German/Swiss artist_____showed great skill in the study of water effects. |
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| The____controlled the Flemish artist's profession. |
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| Robert Campin's (Master of Flémalle) Mérode altarpiece included accessories, furniture, and utensils in his work because they could also function as? |
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| Emerging capitalism and greater urban prosperity led to a growing interest in? |
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| In Broederlam's Annunciation and Visitation, it has been suggested the rotunda, which appears in the scene, represents the? |
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| The Well of Moses, sculpted by Claus Sluter, symbolically represented what promise? |
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| Rogier van der Weyden's Deposition sums up his? |
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| When the Ghent Altarpiece is opened, it reveals and image of? |
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| ____artists were the first to employ oils extensively. |
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| The intersection of the secular and the religious can be seen in the Flemish painting____by Jan van Eyck. |
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| Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride |
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| The art of____developed rapidly with the invention of moveable type and widespread availability of paper. |
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| A substantial number of women registered in the art guild of? |
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| In the Last Supper from the Dirk Bouts Holy Sacrament altarpiece, the orthogonals coverage above the head of Christ to form? |
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| Hans Memling specialized in images of the? |
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| The calendar pictures of Les Très Riches Heaures represent the____in terms of the associated seasonal tasks. |
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| Jan van Eyck's____is a completely secular portrait. |
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| The ________ by Donatello marked the advent of rationalized perspective space in relief sculpture. |
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| Which building of Brunelleschi's design is often called the first Renaissance building? |
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| The development of a vernacular (everyday) literature based on the ________ dialect expanded the audience for humanist writings. |
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| Botticelli was the pupil of ________ |
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| The ________ theme paralleled the message the city fathers of Florence wanted to convey to their people. |
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| Donatello incorporated Greek and Roman principles that surfaced in which of the following? |
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| The two finalists for the wool merchants' guild competition of 1401 were ________ . |
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| Ghiberti and Brunelleschi |
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| Nanni di Banco's Four Crowned Saints represents the ________ . |
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| sculpture starting to leave architectural settings |
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| The ________ reflects Brunelleschian principles to a limited extent. |
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| Ghiberti was trained in painting and ________ . |
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| The classical principle of contrapposto, or weight shift, was reintroduced into Western art by the sculptor ________ . |
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| The invention of movable metal type in ________ facilitated the printing and far-reaching distribution of books. |
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| Which artist detailed the consequences of a sinful life? |
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| Donatello reinvented the ________ . |
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| The invention of linear perspective is generally attributed to ________ . |
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| The "rebirth" of 15th-century Italian art had its roots in the ________ . |
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| In Donatello's equestrian statue of Gattamelata, the orb beneath the left forefoot of the horse represents the ________ . |
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| The Medici family acquired its vast fortune from ________ . |
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| The International Gothic style was a dominant painting style around 1400 and lasted well into the 15th century; ________ produced what is considered the masterpiece of this style, the Adoration of the Magi. |
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| In 1401, the wool merchants' guild of Florence sponsored a competition for a set of doors for the ________ . |
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| Who commissioned Bramante's Tempietto? |
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| Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain |
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| Raphael's portrait of Pope Leo X has meticulous details that reveal a debt to ________ painting. |
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| The leading artistic centers of 16th-century central Italy were ________ . |
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| The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation was the ________ . |
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| Leonardo's Last Supper can be found in the ________ of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. |
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| Duke Federigo Gonzaga intended his Palazzo del Tè to be his urban summer palace and ________ . |
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| Which European country outside Italy was most strongly influenced by Palladio? |
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| The early 16th-century artistic developments in Italy have been designated as ________ . |
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| Which painting builds on Masaccio's understanding and usage of chiaroscuro? |
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| Leonardo created a full-scale model of an equestrian statue for the Sforza family; this was destroyed by the ________ in 1499. |
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| In Cinquecento Italy the greatest art patron was ________ ? |
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| Who became chief architect of the Venetian Republic from 1570 to 1580? |
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| Leonardo was invited to France by ________ . |
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| The Venetian artist ________ was considered a supreme colorist and cultivated numerous patrons. |
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| The Venetian artist ________ played an important role in developing the evocative use of color, which became known as the Venetian style. |
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| The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) was founded by ________ . |
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| Leonardo worked as a military engineer for Cesare Borgia, the son of ________ . |
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| Michelangelo's last project for Paul III was supervising the building of the new ________ . |
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| The first project Julius II commissioned from Michelangelo was the ________ . |
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| Michelangelo was ________ when he sculpted the Pietà. |
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| Which of the following precipitated the Reformation? |
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| dissatisfaction with Church leadership |
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| ________ was the first artist outside Italy to become an international art celebrity. |
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| Which of the following served as a model for the Château de Chambord? |
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| El Greco's strong sense of movement and use of light prefigured the ________ style. |
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| ________ of France declared Protestantism illegal in 1534. |
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| In Bruegel's work the most dominant theme was ________ . |
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| By 1577, El Greco left for Spain to spend the rest of his life in ________ . |
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| Domenikos Theotokopoulos, El Greco, was born in Crete and emigrated to ________ as a young man. |
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| The dissolution of the ________ in 1477 led to a realignment in the European geopolitical landscape. |
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| ________ was among the most commercially advanced and prosperous countries in Europe. |
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| Luther declared the pope the ________ . |
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| The construction material of the Escorial in Spain was ________ . |
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| ________ were inexpensive, easily circulated, and sold at markets. |
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| The primary concerns of emotion and religious fervor were the focus of the work of ________ . |
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| The self-portrait by ________ is the first known northern European self-portrait by a woman. |
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| ________ sparked the Reformation in 1517 at Wittenberg. |
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| Francis I brought ________ to France with the promise of a generous pension and an elegant home at Cloux. |
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| Jan Gossaert became fascinated with ________ . |
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| ________ produced the sculptures on the exterior of the Louvre. |
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| The incorporation of Italian architectural ideas can be seen in the redesigning of the ________ in Paris. |
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