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Exam 1
Chapters 1-3, 5
53
Communication
Undergraduate 3
11/01/2016

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
people-oriented, action-oriented, content-oriented, time-oriented
Definition
What are the different listening styles?
Term
people-oriented
Definition
seek out common interests with the speaker and are highly responsive. They are interested in the speaker’s feeling and emotions. These listeners Might say something like, "How did that make you feel," when talking with someone
Term
action-oriented
Definition
Prefers error-free and concise messages. These folks might say something like, "Get to the point," when talking to someone
Term
content-oriented
Definition
Focuses on the details of the message. These listeners ask direct questions and often critically evaluate the source’s message
Term
time-oriented
Definition
Interested in brief interactions with others. These types of listeners make it clear that they only have a short period of time to communicate and might even start the conversation by saying, "I hope that you can make it brief because I am running late"
Term
discriminate listening, appreciative listening, comprehensive listening, evaluative listening, empathetic (or therapeutic) listening
Definition
What are the motivations to listen?
Term
discriminate listening
Definition
Helps us understand the meaning of the message. Potential pitfall- in our attempt to reduce uncertainty about a message’s meaning, we often selectively listen to certain stimuli while ignoring others. It is important to keep an open mind
Term
appreciative listening
Definition
Listen for the pure enjoyment of listening to the stimuli. Potential pitfall- if you really want to listen for pure entertainment, it is important to eliminate distractions or noise (e.g., turn off cell phones!)
Term
comprehensive listening
Definition
Mindfully receiving and remembering new information. Potential pitfall- listener must determine which messages are the most important. Consider repeating information back to the source to check for comprehension
Term
evaluative listening
Definition
Critically assessing messages. Potential pitfall- prejudices and biases may interfere with our listening ability. Think about how your associations with particular groups or organizations (i.e., religious or political affiliations) may affect how you interpret messages
Term
empathetic (or therapeutic) listening
Definition
Help others by providing a supportive ear and assist in uncovering alternative perspectives. Potential pitfall- be sure to determine whether the source wants you to just listen or to provide solutions for the problems shared during your conversation
Term
pseudo-listening, monopolizing, disconfirming, defensive listening, selective listening, ambushing
Definition
What are the common listening misbehaviors?
Term
pseudo-listening
Definition
pretending to listen to the speaker
Term
monopolizing
Definition
take the focus off the speaker and redirect the conversation and attention to themselves
Term
disconfirming
Definition
deny the feelings of the speaker
Term
defensive listening
Definition
perceive threat in the situation
Term
selective listening
Definition
Only focuses on parts of the message that we agree/disagree with, to remain cognitively stable. Only responding to those parts of the message and ignoring others
Term
ambushing
Definition
selectively and strategically listening for information in the message that can be used against the speaker
Term
BE OPEN to the message, INTERPRET the message, GIVE FEEDBACK, ENGAGE in dual perspective, ADAPT your listening style, REDUCE noise, STORE the message
Definition
BIG EARS
Term
verbal immediacy
Definition
The process of using communication behaviors purposefully to reduce psychological and physical distance
Term
liking, attraction
Definition
Benefits of verbal immediacy include increased perceptions of _____ and _____
Term
us, our
Definition
Using specific word choices and syntactic structures to increase perceptions of psychological closeness ("_____" and "_____")
Term
confirming
Definition
occurs when individuals feel recognized, acknowledged, valued, and respected
Term
powerful language
Definition
 Positive attributes such as assertiveness and importance can be influential, commanding, and authoritative. Uses a combination of proper English, clear thoughts, organized ideas and a persuasive structure
Term
powerless language
Definition
Negative attributes such as shyness, introversion, timidity, nervousness, and apprehension. Includes hesitations, hedges, tag questions, polite forms, intensifiers, and disclaimers
Term
Functions, confirming
Definition
_____ of _____ messages: Express recognition of the other’s existence, acknowledge a relationship of affiliation with the other, express awareness of the significance or worth of the other, accept or endorse the other’s self-experience
Term
Types, disconfirming
Definition
_____ of _____ messages: Indifference, imperviousness, disqualification of the message or speaker
Term
equivocation
Definition
Communicating by choosing specific words that may not demonstrate the whole truth
Term
concrete
Definition
symbols are more likely to resemble what they represent
Term
abstract
Definition
Symbols are arbitrary and nonrepresentational. Semantics are the meaning we attribute to each word or symbol
Term
denotative meaning
Definition
universal meaning of the word found in the dictionary
Term
connotative meaning
Definition
personal meaning that the source has with that word
Term
connotative meaning
Definition
Example of _____ _____: The word "child" may evoke a wide range of emotional responses for individuals and varies depending on whether someone has children, likes children, has regular contact with children, etc.
Term
kinesics
Definition
Body movements. Learned behaviors are typically modeled by the infant’s parent or caregiver through a process called "social referencing"
Term
social referencing
Definition
a process by which individuals will rely on others around them to determine how to respond to unfamiliar stimuli
Term
emblems, illustrators, regulators, affect displays, adaptors
Definition
What are the types of kinesics?
Term
emblems
Definition
Specific nonverbal gestures that have a particular translation; Example: Thumbs up
Term
illustrators
Definition
Description or depiction of something using your body; Example: I caught a big fish last week (hold out hands to show how big)
Term
regulators
Definition
Body movement used to control the communication flow such as leaning forward, opening your mouth, nodding, and using your hand to gesture; Example: May turn away from someone in a conversation to indicate that you are done talking
Term
affect displays
Definition
Overt physical responses to our emotions that can be either positive or negative; Example: Slumped over shoulders may indicate sadness or fatigue
Term
adaptors
Definition
Body movements that are enacted at low level of awareness that usually indicate nervousness, anxiety, or boredom; Example: Twisting hair, playing with change in pockets, cracking knuckles
Term
haptics
Definition
touch
Term
liking, status, level, ambiguous
Definition
Amount of haptics is related to _____ and _____. Individuals with higher status typically choose whether to initiate touch into the relationship. The type of touch and who is touched is determined by the _____ of the interpersonal relationship. Haptics is the most intimate type of nonverbal communication and is also the most _____
Term
functional-professional, social-polite, friendship-warmth, love-intimacy, sexual-arousal
Definition
What are the categories of touch?
Term
functional-professional
Definition
Accomplish a specific task by those working within a specific role; Example: Doctor-patient communication
Term
social-polite
Definition
Touches that occur between business partners, acquaintances and strangers; Example: Handshake between colleagues
Term
friendship-warmth
Definition
Touches that occur between extended family members, close business associates, and friendly neighbors; Example: Hugging a friend
Term
love-intimacy
Definition
Touches that occur between family members and friends where there is affection and a deep level of caring; Example: Extended hug, holding hands
Term
sexual-arousal
Definition
Occurs within sexual/erotic contexts; Example: Kissing
Term
artifacts
Definition
The physical objects and environmental attributes that communicate directly, define the communication context, or guide social behavior in some way; Example: Tattoos, jewelry, glasses
Term
chronemics
Definition
how we use and perceive time
Term
monochronic
Definition
Americans tend to be more _____ because time is considered to be "linear" in nature. Punctual, scheduling appointments, strict adherence to starting times and ending times are all valued behaviors. Being early is perceived as being organized, professional, prepared, and productive. Being late is perceived as being lazy, disorganized, uninterested, and unprofessional
Term
Polychronic
Definition
_____ cultures perceive time as circular. Several things can be done at the same time. Meetings are viewed as time to cultivate relationships. More important to finish the conversation than to be "on time" for the next appointment
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