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Exam 1
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43
Speech-Language Pathology
Undergraduate 3
02/10/2014

Additional Speech-Language Pathology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Articulatory Phonetics
Definition
How articulators come together in place, airstream affects, manner, voicing/unvoiced
Term
Acoustic Phonetics
Definition
Speech science, creating sound patterns/waves, spectrograms
Term
Perceptual Phonetics
Definition
How sound output is interpreted
Term
Clinical Phonetics
Definition
How to we bring all the areas together to talk about clinical populations
Term
Phoneme
Definition
Smallest unit of sound that triggers a change in meaning, perceptual category, broad transcription /a/
Term
Phone
Definition
Smallest unit of speech sound, narrow transcription [a]
Term
Allophone
Definition
Pronunciation variations that don't change meaning
Term
Morpheme
Definition
Smallest unit of sound that carries meaning
Term
Minimal Pair
Definition
Two words that differ by one phoneme
Term
Cognate Pair
Definition
Type of minimal pair, phonemes differ only by voicing
Term
Phonotactics
Definition
Rules for how sounds can be combined to form syllables and how those sounds can be distributed within a language
Term
Independent Analysis
Definition
- Analysis of speech production without reference to adult standard, what they can do
- Looks at: phonetic inventory
syllable structure
Term
Relational Analysis
Definition
- Analysis of speech errors relative to adult standard within a linguistic community, what aren’t they doing
- Looks at: acquired sounds
percent correct
common mismatches
phonological patterns/processes
Term
Distinctive Features
Definition
Unique characteristics that distinguish one phoneme from another, used for looking at the types of errors made
Term
Coarticulation
Definition
Refers to the influence the sounds have on one another when linked together to make words, phrases, and sentences
Term
Suprasegmentals
Definition
Stress, rate, juncture, intonation
Term
Nonlinear Phonology: Key Concepts
Definition
Hierarchy, autonomy
Term
Contraints
Definition
Limitations on allowable productions
Term
Repairs
Definition
Productions that accommodate the limitations
Term
Metrical Phonology
Definition
Deals with the stress patterns of sentences, phrases, words, and syllables
Term
Trochaic Stress
Definition
STRONGweak
Term
Iambic Stress
Definition
weakSTRONG
Term
Behaviorist Model
Definition
Learning theory applied to the acquisition of a phonological system. The role of contingent reinforcement in speech acquisition is emphasized
Term
Structuralist Model
Definition
Jakobson, a child’s consonant and vowel systems become increasingly differentiated as the child learns new feature contrasts
Term
Natural Phonology Model
Definition
Stampe, A child comes innately equipped with a universal [natural] set of phonological processes. A child must learn to suppress those processes which do not occur in the adult target language
Term
Generative Phonology Model
Definition
Chomsky, phonological rules map underlying [abstract] representations onto surface pronunciations
Term
Processes
Definition
Repairs to accommodate the limitations
Term
Psycholinguistic Models
Definition
Single-lexicon model, two-lexicon model
Term
Single-Lexicon Model
Definition
Children considered to have primarily adult-like representations of speech in the mental lexicon with a perceptual filter
Term
Two-Lexicon Model
Definition
Children have two levels of representation in the mental lexicon, an input lexicon and an output lexicon
Term
Phases of Speech Sound Acquisition
Definition
1. Laying the foundation for speech- birth to 1 year
2. Transition from words to speech- 1-2 years
3. The growth of the inventory- 2-5 years
4. Mastery of speech and literacy- 5+
Term
Non-Speech Like Vocalizations
Definition
Vegetative sounds – burps, hiccups
Fixed vocal sounds - laughs, cries
Term
Speech Like Vocalization Stages
Definition
-QRN: 0-2m, open vocal tract, poor resonance
-Primitive articulation stage: 2-3m, cooing, more vowel like resonance
-Expansion stage: 3-6m, vocal play, marginal babbling
- Canonical babbling: 6+m, reduplicated/variegated babbling
Term
The Well Formed Syllable
Definition
Normal phonation, full resonant vocalness, articulatory movement during phonation, rapid speech like transition
Term
Inventory Constraints
Definition
Limited number of sound segments
Term
Positional Constraints
Definition
Limitations on sound position in the syllable/word
Term
Sequence Constraints
Definition
Restrictions on the co-occurrence of sounds in the syllable/word
Term
Progressive idioms/advanced forms
Definition
Produces words outside of typical constraints, names, places, sounds/syllables are outside of productive repertoire
Term
Regressive Idioms/frozen forms
Definition
More common, long after child has more sounds in their repertoire they produce less advanced pronunciations, child can say blanket but calls theirs banki, nicknames
Term
Idolect
Definition
Individual dialect
Term
Pidgin
Definition
Used when people of 2 different languages converse in a specific situation and there is a combination of the 2 languages, not learned as a first language
Term
Creole
Definition
Often developed from pidgins, learned as a first language, maybe can understand original language, but not always
Term
Limitation to Models
Definition
- Models by definition are mechanistic/ structural.
- Most models ignore social and behavioral variables.
- We know little about how children actually learn language. The models address more WHAT the process may be than HOW the process takes place.
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