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Definition
| How articulators come together in place, airstream affects, manner, voicing/unvoiced |
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| Speech science, creating sound patterns/waves, spectrograms |
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Definition
| How sound output is interpreted |
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Definition
| How to we bring all the areas together to talk about clinical populations |
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Definition
| Smallest unit of sound that triggers a change in meaning, perceptual category, broad transcription /a/ |
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Definition
| Smallest unit of speech sound, narrow transcription [a] |
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Term
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Definition
| Pronunciation variations that don't change meaning |
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Definition
| Smallest unit of sound that carries meaning |
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Definition
| Two words that differ by one phoneme |
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Definition
| Type of minimal pair, phonemes differ only by voicing |
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Definition
| Rules for how sounds can be combined to form syllables and how those sounds can be distributed within a language |
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Term
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Definition
- Analysis of speech production without reference to adult standard, what they can do
- Looks at: phonetic inventory
syllable structure |
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Term
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Definition
- Analysis of speech errors relative to adult standard within a linguistic community, what aren’t they doing
- Looks at: acquired sounds
percent correct
common mismatches
phonological patterns/processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Unique characteristics that distinguish one phoneme from another, used for looking at the types of errors made |
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Definition
| Refers to the influence the sounds have on one another when linked together to make words, phrases, and sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| Stress, rate, juncture, intonation |
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Term
| Nonlinear Phonology: Key Concepts |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Limitations on allowable productions |
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Term
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Definition
| Productions that accommodate the limitations |
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Term
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Definition
| Deals with the stress patterns of sentences, phrases, words, and syllables |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Learning theory applied to the acquisition of a phonological system. The role of contingent reinforcement in speech acquisition is emphasized |
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Term
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Definition
| Jakobson, a child’s consonant and vowel systems become increasingly differentiated as the child learns new feature contrasts |
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Term
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Definition
| Stampe, A child comes innately equipped with a universal [natural] set of phonological processes. A child must learn to suppress those processes which do not occur in the adult target language |
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Term
| Generative Phonology Model |
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Definition
| Chomsky, phonological rules map underlying [abstract] representations onto surface pronunciations |
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Term
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Definition
| Repairs to accommodate the limitations |
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Term
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Definition
| Single-lexicon model, two-lexicon model |
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Term
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Definition
| Children considered to have primarily adult-like representations of speech in the mental lexicon with a perceptual filter |
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Term
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Definition
| Children have two levels of representation in the mental lexicon, an input lexicon and an output lexicon |
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Term
| Phases of Speech Sound Acquisition |
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Definition
1. Laying the foundation for speech- birth to 1 year
2. Transition from words to speech- 1-2 years
3. The growth of the inventory- 2-5 years
4. Mastery of speech and literacy- 5+ |
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Term
| Non-Speech Like Vocalizations |
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Definition
Vegetative sounds – burps, hiccups
Fixed vocal sounds - laughs, cries |
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Term
| Speech Like Vocalization Stages |
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Definition
-QRN: 0-2m, open vocal tract, poor resonance
-Primitive articulation stage: 2-3m, cooing, more vowel like resonance
-Expansion stage: 3-6m, vocal play, marginal babbling
- Canonical babbling: 6+m, reduplicated/variegated babbling |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal phonation, full resonant vocalness, articulatory movement during phonation, rapid speech like transition |
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Term
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Definition
| Limited number of sound segments |
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Term
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Definition
| Limitations on sound position in the syllable/word |
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Term
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Definition
| Restrictions on the co-occurrence of sounds in the syllable/word |
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Term
| Progressive idioms/advanced forms |
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Definition
| Produces words outside of typical constraints, names, places, sounds/syllables are outside of productive repertoire |
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Term
| Regressive Idioms/frozen forms |
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Definition
| More common, long after child has more sounds in their repertoire they produce less advanced pronunciations, child can say blanket but calls theirs banki, nicknames |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Used when people of 2 different languages converse in a specific situation and there is a combination of the 2 languages, not learned as a first language |
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Definition
| Often developed from pidgins, learned as a first language, maybe can understand original language, but not always |
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Term
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Definition
- Models by definition are mechanistic/ structural.
- Most models ignore social and behavioral variables.
- We know little about how children actually learn language. The models address more WHAT the process may be than HOW the process takes place. |
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