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Exam 1
Exam 1
39
Astronomy
Undergraduate 1
01/29/2009

Additional Astronomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
latitude
Definition
angle from equator to observer along observer’s meridian (N/S)
Term
longitude
Definition
angle from prime meridian to observer’s meridian along the equator (E/W)
Term
meridian
Definition
connects a point with N/S pole
Term
hour angle
Definition
angle from observers meridian to star’s hour circle measured west along the celestial equator
0-360 degrees /24 hours;
1 degree/4 minutes
Term
declination
Definition
angle from celestial equator to a star measured along a star’s hour circle
Term
right ascension
Definition
angle from V.E. to star’s hour circle measured east along the celestial equator.
TIME UNITS, not degrees
Term
sun's annual motion
Definition
east along ecliptic
-360 degrees/ 365 days
-1 degree / day
-4 min / day
Term
mean sun
Definition
movement of sun along the equator in perfectly circular orbit at constant speed
4 min/ day
2 hr/ month
Term
diurnal circle
Definition
daily path parallel to celestial equator
Term
circumpolar
Definition
if declination is > 90 degrees – latitude
always visible, generally at poles
Term
Apparent Solar Time
Definition
Hour angle of apparent sun + 12 hours
Term
Mean Solar Time
Definition
hour angle of mean sun + 12 hours
Term
sidereal time
Definition
hour angle of the V.E
ST= HA + RA
Term
mean solar day
Definition
elapsed time between successive transits of the mean sun (24h)
Term
sidereal day
Definition
elapsed time between successive transits of the V.E. (or any fixed star)
4 minutes shorter than the solar day
Term
Synodic month
Definition
elapsed time between successive full moons with respect to the sun;
360 degrees / 29.5 days
Term
sidereal month
Definition
moon’s period with respect to the stars;
360 degrees / 27.33 days
Term
node
Definition
when moon’s orbit crosses elliptic (2) --> eclipses
Term
solar eclipse
Definition
sun moon earth
1) near new moon phase, 2) near a node
2 to 5 per year
Term
umbra
Definition
total shadow, no sunlight
Term
penumbra
Definition
partial shadow
Term
perigee
Definition
moon closest to earth
Term
apogee
Definition
moon farthest from earth
Term
lunar eclipse
Definition
Sun Earth Moon
1) near full moon phase, 2) near a nodes
-0 to 2 per year
Term
spring tides
Definition
Sun and moon in line @ new and full moon
highest high &lowest low tide
Term
neap tides
Definition
st and 3rd quarter moon
high low tide & low high tide
Term
Aristotle
Definition
earth is round via arc shadow on moon
Term
Aristarchus
Definition
relative size of sun and moon
Term
Eratosthenes
Definition
measured how big the earth was by illuminating bottom of a well
Term
Hipparchus
Definition
made 1st star catalogue with 1-6 brightness scale
Term
Ptolemy
Definition
“Almagest” 13 scrolls which state
-Earth fixed @ Center of Celestial Sphere
-Earth is small compared to celestial sphere
-Earth is spherical
-Celestial sphere rotates
-Planetary motions are described using epicycles
Term
Copernicus
Definition
heliocentric model BUT circular orbits at regular speed
Term
synodic period
Definition
elapsed time between successive oppositions (or other planetary benchmarks) with respect to the stars. How long it takes for planets to lap each other
Term
sidereal period
Definition
revolutionary period with respect to the stars
Term
Brahe
Definition
accurate position measurements of planets; geocentric model
Term
Kepler
Definition
1) Planets move in elliptical orbits, sun at focus
2) radius vector sweeps out equal areas in equal times
3) p2=a3
calculated an epicycle system to describe Brahe’s data
Term
Aphelion
Definition
earth farthest from sun
Term
Perihelion
Definition
earth closest to sun
Term
zodiac
Definition
band of sky along the ecliptic
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