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Exam 1
From study guide
40
Communication
Undergraduate 4
09/30/2014

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Term
research
Definition
the attempt to find answers to questions through the application of scientific and systematic procedures
Term
How can learning research methods be useful?
Definition
a critical consumer of research, generate knowledge for social good, research for professional work
Term
Ways of knowing:
Definition
tenacity, intuition, authority, logic-rationalism, experience/empiricism
Term
tenacity
Definition
the way it has always been-cultural customs, habits, traditions
Term
intuition
Definition
it feels right-hunch and instinct
Term
authority
Definition
accept knowledge from authority figures
Term
logic-rationalism
Definition
a conclusion is derived from premises/propositions (A=B, B=C, so A=C)
Term
experience/empiricism
Definition
learning through direct personal experience-extremely subjective, all experiences are limited
Term
5 steps in research
Definition
select a problem/topic, literature review, hypothesis and/or RQ, methods and procedures, and data collection/analysis
Term
hypothesis
Definition
tentative, educated guess or statement and is best when you have a STRONG indication of a relationship
Term
research question
Definition
does not predict relationships and is best when you are UNSURE about relationships
Term
deductive reasoning
Definition
deduce a testable hypothesis from a theory/its propositions-quantitative (general to specific)
Term
inductive reasoning
Definition
generate a theoretical proposition based on empirical observation-qualitative (specific to general)
Term
independent variables
Definition
proposed cause
Term
dependent variables
Definition
proposed effect
Term
manifest variables
Definition
any variable that you can directly measure or observe
Term
directional hypothesis
Definition
variables are positively correlated, or negatively correlated
Term
intervening variable (mediator)
Definition
a presumed cause (independent variable) is related to an effect (dependent variable) via a third variable (mediator)
Term
moderating variable
Definition
the strength of the relationship changes at different values of a third variable
Term
operationalization
Definition
define how a variable is measured/observed
Term
measurement
Definition
assign numbers to an attribute of a person (variables of interest) according to a rule of correspondence, also creates rules to assign meanings to numbers so that you can quantify some attribute
Term
paradigm
Definition
an accepted set of assumptions about how researchers look at the world
Term
positivist paradigm
Definition
reality is OBJECTIVE-exists independently, human action tends to follow certain patterns (predictable)
Term
interpretivist paradigm
Definition
reality is SUBJECTIVE- no single reality-each human experience is unique and produces a unique explanation
Term
qualitative research
Definition
in-depth exploration of phenomena to understand unique meaning from subjects point of view with open-ended questions and a purposeful sampling-small
Term
quantitative research
Definition
relies on numbers, close-ended, randomly selected-large sample
Term
triangulation
Definition
use of different methods or data to enhance credibility
Term
member validation
Definition
taking research findings back to study participants
Term
the three basic ethical principels
Definition
respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
Term
respect for person
Definition
individual autonomy and protection of individuals with reduced autonomy
Term
beneficience
Definition
maximize benefits and minimize possible discomfort/harms both physical and psychological
Term
justice
Definition
equal distribution of research costs and benefits
Term
Institutional Review Board
Definition
a campus-wide committee charged with the review of human subjects research to assure that the rights and welfare of human participants are properly protected. All research must be reviewed before it is conducted.
Term
voluntary participation
Definition
research participation MUST be voluntary, individuals have the right to choose to participate or not with the right to withdraw from study at any time
Term
informed consent
Definition
must be informed about the project and risks, always state their agreement and participation, required for videotaping/audiotaping
Term
deception
Definition
providing false information, mislead participants about the purpose of the study to see what will happen
Term
okay to use deception if...
Definition
it is the only way to get data needed, benefits outweigh the harms, and to debrief after
Term
debrief
Definition
disclose deception and explain why, never deceive about factors that would affect willingness to participate
Term
anonymity
Definition
identity and answers are NOT linked
Term
confidentiality
Definition
identity connected to answers in data, but kept from being publicly connected.
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