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| the attempt to find answers to questions through the application of scientific and systematic procedures |
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| How can learning research methods be useful? |
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| a critical consumer of research, generate knowledge for social good, research for professional work |
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| tenacity, intuition, authority, logic-rationalism, experience/empiricism |
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| the way it has always been-cultural customs, habits, traditions |
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| it feels right-hunch and instinct |
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| accept knowledge from authority figures |
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| a conclusion is derived from premises/propositions (A=B, B=C, so A=C) |
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| learning through direct personal experience-extremely subjective, all experiences are limited |
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| select a problem/topic, literature review, hypothesis and/or RQ, methods and procedures, and data collection/analysis |
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| tentative, educated guess or statement and is best when you have a STRONG indication of a relationship |
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| does not predict relationships and is best when you are UNSURE about relationships |
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| deduce a testable hypothesis from a theory/its propositions-quantitative (general to specific) |
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| generate a theoretical proposition based on empirical observation-qualitative (specific to general) |
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| any variable that you can directly measure or observe |
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| variables are positively correlated, or negatively correlated |
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| intervening variable (mediator) |
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| a presumed cause (independent variable) is related to an effect (dependent variable) via a third variable (mediator) |
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| the strength of the relationship changes at different values of a third variable |
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| define how a variable is measured/observed |
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| assign numbers to an attribute of a person (variables of interest) according to a rule of correspondence, also creates rules to assign meanings to numbers so that you can quantify some attribute |
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| an accepted set of assumptions about how researchers look at the world |
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| reality is OBJECTIVE-exists independently, human action tends to follow certain patterns (predictable) |
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| reality is SUBJECTIVE- no single reality-each human experience is unique and produces a unique explanation |
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| in-depth exploration of phenomena to understand unique meaning from subjects point of view with open-ended questions and a purposeful sampling-small |
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| relies on numbers, close-ended, randomly selected-large sample |
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| use of different methods or data to enhance credibility |
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| taking research findings back to study participants |
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| the three basic ethical principels |
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| respect for persons, beneficence, and justice |
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| individual autonomy and protection of individuals with reduced autonomy |
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| maximize benefits and minimize possible discomfort/harms both physical and psychological |
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| equal distribution of research costs and benefits |
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| Institutional Review Board |
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| a campus-wide committee charged with the review of human subjects research to assure that the rights and welfare of human participants are properly protected. All research must be reviewed before it is conducted. |
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| research participation MUST be voluntary, individuals have the right to choose to participate or not with the right to withdraw from study at any time |
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| must be informed about the project and risks, always state their agreement and participation, required for videotaping/audiotaping |
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| providing false information, mislead participants about the purpose of the study to see what will happen |
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| okay to use deception if... |
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Definition
| it is the only way to get data needed, benefits outweigh the harms, and to debrief after |
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| disclose deception and explain why, never deceive about factors that would affect willingness to participate |
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| identity and answers are NOT linked |
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| identity connected to answers in data, but kept from being publicly connected. |
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