Term
| What two pancreatic hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels? |
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Definition
| Insulin and glucagon. Insulin and lowers the glucose concentration in the blood and glucagon raises it. |
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Term
| What substance in plant foods is not absorbed by the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe nutrient density |
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Definition
| The relative amount of nutrients per amount of energy (or number of Calories) |
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Term
| Lactose Intolerance is caused by a deficiency in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of food does a person with Celiac have to avoid? |
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Definition
| Gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barely. |
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Term
| The majority of fast food meals are high in what nutrients? |
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Definition
| Trans fat, saturated fat, Sodium, and calories. |
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Term
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Definition
| A semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices. |
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Term
| Where do you find trans fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 ways overweight status can be evaluated? |
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Definition
| By calculating an individual’s body mass index (BMI) and/or by measuring waist circumference. |
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Term
| What is the primary form of lipid and in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is required on food labels besides the Nutrition Facts Panel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the building blocks of protein? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| The act of combining with hydrogen, or to treat with hydrogen. |
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Term
| Which sugars are disaccharides? |
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Definition
| Sucrose, maltose, and lactose |
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Term
| Which sugars are mono-saccharides? |
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Definition
| Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, xylose |
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Term
| What is GERD and what is malfunctioning to cause it? |
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Definition
| Gastro esophageal reflux disease; caused by the malfunctioning of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Muscles. |
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Term
| What foods are rich in CHO? |
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Definition
| Grains, legumes, fruits, starchy vegetables, milk |
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Term
| What is a diet low in fiber associated with the development of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the cell is ATP produced, this is the “powerhouse” of the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most prevalent type of diabetes? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which organ does the majority of water absorption occur? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the body’s preferred fuel for most body functions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 2005 Dietary Guideline recommendation for sodium intake? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of protein? |
|
Definition
| To control chemical reactions |
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|
Term
| What government agency regulates food labels? |
|
Definition
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
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Term
| What is the first section of the small intestine called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What 3 organs assist in the digestion of lipids? |
|
Definition
| Liver, pancreas, and gallbladder |
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Term
| Beginning Jan 1 2006 the FDA required what to be included on the Nutrition Facts Panel? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the major monosaccharide found in the body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is insulin synthesized and released from? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of the mucous in the stomach? |
|
Definition
| to coat and lubricate the stomach |
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Term
| What is diabetes and what nutrient is not processed properly when a person has diabetes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of death in the US? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are cell membranes primarily composed of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four characteristics of a healthy diet? |
|
Definition
| Adequacy, balance, moderation, and variety |
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|
Term
| Know the order which food passes through the digestive system. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 6 essential nutrients? |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water |
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Term
| What are diets high in sugar directly associated with? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does the gallbladder store and release? And why? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the healthiest fat sources in our diet? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Photosynthesis results in the production of what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How are vitamins classified? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland prompts us to eat? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What foods are exempt from standard food labeling regulations? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of dietary fat elevates blood cholesterol levels? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the accessory organs of the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
| Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. |
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|
Term
| What is excess sodium intake liked to in some individuals? What is excess sodium intake liked to in some individuals? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where is glycogen stored in the body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers? |
|
Definition
| infection with a specific bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications |
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Term
| How can you decrease your risk for heart disease, diabetes and obesity? |
|
Definition
| Losing weight, eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and exercising. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The generation of glucose from the breakdown of proteins into amino acids |
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Term
| What are the differences between Type I and II diabetes. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What ethnic group has the lowest incidence of lactose intolerance? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How much moderate activity is recommended for adults daily in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What foods contain fructose? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What types of foods contain cholesterol? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What nutrient is the most energy dense? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules, either mechanically or chemically. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The physiologic process by which molecules of food are taken from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation. |
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|
Term
| Where does digestion begin? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the naturally occurring chemicals found in plant foods that enhance health? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When food is swallowed what keeps it from entering the trachea? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What percent of your daily grain intake should come from whole grain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans updated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hunger vs appetite? |
|
Definition
Hunger: The physical feeling you experience when your body needs to refuel.
Appetite: The desire to eat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The relationship between “energy in” (food calories taken into the body through food and drink) and “energy out” (calories being used in the body for our daily energy requirements). |
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Term
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Definition
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