Term
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Definition
1. penal sanctions
2. behavioral standards
3. political (state)
4. System of People
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Term
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Definition
social control
dispute settlement
social engineering |
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Term
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Definition
disproportionate rate of homicide among blacks "genetically" determined treatment!
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Term
Main Stream Academic Crime:
Social Etiology
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Definition
social disorganization
relating crime rates to a neighborhood ecological characteristics
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Term
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Definition
| shift from etiology to the creation and application of the law |
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Term
Toward
Theological
Synthesis
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Definition
etiology and sociological approaches to law
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Term
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Definition
formal: police, courts, and corrections
informal: previous learnings/experience
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Term
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Definition
orderly resolution of conflicts
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Term
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Definition
| Planned and directed social change initiated, guided and supported the law |
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Term
| 5 forms of discrimination |
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Definition
genocide
segregation
expulsion
exclusion
selective inclusion
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Term
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Definition
culture and biology are invoked to rationalize and justify the superior social, political and economic position of a group
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Term
| Systematic Discrimination |
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Definition
race and ethnic discrimination exsists at all stages of the CRJ system at all places and time
"i hate you because you are black" |
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Term
| institutionalize discrimination |
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Definition
| racial disparities in the outcomes that result from established policies (not directly involving race) |
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Term
| contextual discrimination |
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Definition
| discrimination in only certain situations and contexts |
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Term
| individual discrimination |
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Definition
| discrimination against certain individuals |
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Term
| Definition of Criminal Justice |
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Definition
| the body of scientific knowledge regarding crime and deliquency within the scope of making, breaking laws and societies reaction to it |
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Term
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Definition
1. a given status quo is stabilized and prepetuated in a law- tendency towards conservatism
2. type of rigidity inheret in its normative framework
3. regulation can turn into over regulation and control may be transformed into repression |
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Term
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Definition
defines the elements that constitute criminal behavior (premeditation, malice, criminal intent)
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Term
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Definition
| rights and duties of citizen (restraining order) |
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Term
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Definition
| how to carry out substantive criminal (procedureal rules and due process) |
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Term
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Definition
how to carry out redresses
(sexual harrassment, civil rights violations) |
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Term
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Definition
social needs-----> values ------> Laws
traditional way of law
legal system = fair and adequate
social order maintained because of centralized authoirty and power
individuals surrender (autonomy) |
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Term
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Definition
laws shaped by conflicting interests
power/timing are important
"over-criminalization"
"who has the power at a certain time----> important" |
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Term
Durkheim Social Solidarity
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Definition
mechanical:
society founded on shared morality and cooperative actions
organic:
complex; bigger/diverse, don't share common bonds, common beliefs replaced by collective conscience-interdependent |
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Term
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Definition
| episode, person emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values/interests |
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Term
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Definition
group interest cause a law
specific groups control the interests made into laws
*economic determinism* |
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Term
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Definition
governs marxist view
"i am who i am because of my economic status"
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Term
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Definition
criminal law and CRJ system is an instrument for controlling the poor
*Quinney* |
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Term
| 3 propositions of Instrumental Marxism |
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Definition
1. CRJ is an instrument of the state and social/economic order
2. crime control in capitalists society through governing elite, represents ruling class interest
3. contradicitions of advance capitalism subordinate classes= suppressed
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Term
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Definition
| law is not always working for the rich and against the poor- law designed to keep capitalists system operating efficently |
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Term
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Definition
"violation" of conduct norms Sellin-society contect----> wrong & right ways of acting
WITHIN CONTEXT |
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Term
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Definition
legal consensus
criminal law
legal consensus=consensus view point
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Term
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Definition
socially injurious
legal provision for punishment
CIVIL LAW |
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Term
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Definition
| high frequency behavior considered normal, low frequency behaviors=deviant |
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Term
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Definition
| deviant is one whom the label has successfully been applied too, deviant behavior is behavior that people label |
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Term
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Definition
| socially disadvantaged individuals are more commonly labeled because of the lack of economic status |
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Term
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Definition
social conditions become the object of social policy
*individual behaviors reflect what is going on in society* |
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Term
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Definition
being oppresses----->criminal behavior
deviance is noraml, task is to created a society in which the facts of human diversity are not subject to power and criminalized |
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Term
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Definition
an expression of protest against social injustice----->
repressses it through criminalization
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Term
3 criteria of Social Constuct
*According to Buffon* |
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Definition
1. race is not a fixed identity; socially decided rather than biologically
2. racial categories and the meaning attached to race makes sense only in historical context and special social relations
3. Racial Dynamics are flexible fluid and always political |
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Term
3 definitions of Ethnicity
*According to Yinger* |
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Definition
1. group is perceived to be different with respect to language, religion and cultural elements
2. the group perceives itsself to be different with respect to language, religion and cultural elements
3. members of the group participate in shared activites built around a common origin culture |
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Term
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Definition
| any group with a history of oppression by the majority----> not numerically inferior |
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Term
| prejudices/ethnocentrisim |
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Definition
| negative attitudes that one has towards members of other groups, juding other cultures against the values of ones own culture |
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Term
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Definition
negative actions toward members of a particular group because membership within the group
*context of race* |
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Term
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Definition
people living on the streets with no idle purpose or jobs
(poor/impoverished) |
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Term
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Definition
change in economy
feudalism----> Merchantile |
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Term
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Definition
1. law can be analytically seperated from other normative systems within society
2. the principle function of law is to regulate and constrain behavior of indiv. relationships
3. ideally law is to be employed only when other formal/informal social control techs. fail to operate
4. can be distinguished from other forms of social control; formal system embodying explicit rules of conduct
5.consists of behaviors, situations conditions for making legal rules
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Term
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Definition
most intense form
Nazi death camps |
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Term
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Definition
exiled from society
involuntary and voluntary |
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Term
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Definition
| process of spatially isolating an ethnic subpopulation in areas where they cannot have some access to valid resources as they are not isolated |
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Term
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Definition
| denies members of an ethnic group certain positions; independent of the effects of segregation |
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Term
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Definition
same as exclusion
process of allowing members of ethnic subpopulations into certain positions, where at the same time excluding them from other positions |
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