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Definition
| Contains the heart, blood and veins. |
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| Contains the Cardiovascular and lymtphatic systems |
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| Contains the lymphs, lymph vessels and lymphatic tissues |
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Definition
- Transportation (dissolved gasses, nurtients, hormones, wastes, enzymes, etc....)
- Regulation ( pH, temp, protection from infection, prevent fluid loss [clotting])
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Definition
| Blood is more viscus or less viscus than water? |
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| The salinity of blood is ? |
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| 55% plasma and 45% formed elements. |
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Definition
| What are the components of blood? |
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| 91.5% water, 7% proteins, 1.5% other sloutes. |
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Definition
| What is Blood plasma made of ? |
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Definition
| What is the most abundant protien in the blood? |
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Definition
| What helps maintain osmatic pressure in the blood? |
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Definition
| Percentage of Globulins (antibodies)? |
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Term
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Definition
| what percentage of fibrinogen is in the blood? |
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Definition
| What is the percentage of all other stuff in the blood? |
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| Other solutes in blood (1.5%) |
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Definition
| electrolytes, gasses, nutrients, regulatory substances, waste products are all ...... |
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Definition
| Formed elements in the blood are ..... |
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Definition
| Platelet levels in the blood |
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| red bone barrow, yolk sac, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus |
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Definition
| Where are RBCs made during fetal development? |
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Term
| Epiphysis of long bones. Flat bones, pelvis and vertebrae |
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Definition
| Where is the red bone marrow located? |
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Term
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Definition
| main job of this cell is to carry oxygen |
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| This is made up of protein fibers, blood cells, and enzymes. |
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| Antoher name for Platelet |
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Definition
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Term
| hematopoietic stem cell (Hemocytoblast) |
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Definition
| Blood cells starts with a _______ |
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Definition
| The process of making a blood cell is |
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Definition
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| deoending on the ______ signal recieved from the stem cell will determine what type of blood cell the hemocytoblast becomes. |
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Definition
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Definition
Biconcave disc shape.
Lifespan is 120 days |
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| B/C you are constantly bending and shaping them |
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Definition
| why is the lifespan of RBCs 120 days? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Has the A antigen and doesn't accept B . ( makes B antibodies) |
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Definition
| has type B antigen and make A antibodies |
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Definition
| Has A and B antigens and doesn't make antibodies |
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Definition
| Doesn't have A or B antigens and makes A and B antibodies |
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Definition
| which blood type is the universal recipient |
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Definition
| Which blood type is the universal donor |
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Definition
| what is the protein that carries oxygen . It includes 4 protein chains (globin). Each chain has a group of heme and each heme has an ion of iron |
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Definition
| Each RBC has how many molecules of hemoglobin? |
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Definition
| how much oxygen does each RBC have? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how long does it take to create a RBC? |
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Definition
| RBCs are made at the _____ rate they are destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the main site of RBC destruction? |
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Term
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Definition
| how much of the oxygen is transported through hemoglobin? |
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Definition
| How much of the Carbon Dioxide is carried by hemoglobin? |
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Definition
- neutrophils
- Basophils
- Eoseniphils
- monocytes
- T cells
- B cells
- NK cells
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Term
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Definition
| these are usuallly phagocytes and can release lysosomes which breakdown bacteria. |
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Definition
| Make defenses which poke holes into bacteria |
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Definition
| turn into mast cells which produce histamine to promote inflammation. |
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Definition
| Localizes the infection or wound |
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Definition
| help with inflammation, destroys parastic worms |
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Definition
| phagocytes ..ingest bacteria and get rid of dead tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when activly making antibodies the B cell (lymphocte) is called a ... |
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Term
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Definition
| The reason we prodice antibodies is so that they can cover the bacteria and make it clump together and.... |
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Term
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Definition
| these cells live a long time, These cells sit out the intial fight but get the invader as soon as the bacteria comes back |
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Definition
| This cell attacks Virally infected cells, ( cancer cells, transplanted tissues.) Can target Fungi, viral stages outside the cell and some bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sit out the intial fight against a viral infection but as soon as the virus returns it attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| These cells help activate B cells and free up T cells |
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Term
| Natural Killer cells (NK cells) |
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Definition
| these cells attack a variety of different infectious microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| WBC are known for _____ movement in response of chemical spillage ( damaged tissues release chemicals) |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the ability to work their way through the wall of a vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the lifespan of a WBC? |
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Term
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Definition
| these play a role in clotting |
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Term
| Megakaryocytes (platelet) |
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Definition
| break up into thousands of peices. they are cytoplasm wraped in the cell membrane with granule and chemicals in them |
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Term
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Definition
| the reason we create a clot is to prevent the loss of blood and ..... |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzymes are built into the clot to do what when the clot is no longer needed? |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for clotting is.... |
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Term
| Vascular spasm ( constriction) |
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Definition
| 1st thing that happens when there is damange to a tissue. |
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Term
| Platelet plug formation. (platlet adhesion) |
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Definition
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Term
| Platlet plug (platelet adhesion) |
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Definition
| platelets stick to the collagen fibers and damage endothelium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Platelets send out psuedopods or spicules and begin to attach to eachother. Same event causes them to release chemicals which is why it is called _________. It releases thromboxane A2+ADP which activate other platelets. |
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Term
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Definition
| what causes platelets to become sticky? |
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Term
| Serotonin and thromboxane A2 |
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Definition
| what signals the damaged vessels to remain restricted? |
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Term
| Thromoxane A2 , ADP , and serotonin |
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Definition
| these are released from dense granules. |
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Term
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Definition
| One job is to cause vessel to remain constricted but also signal repair. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thromboxane A2, ADP and serotonin all cause what? |
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Term
| 13 clotting factors as well as K and calcium |
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Definition
| Clotting requires how many factors? as well as what? |
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Term
| Extrinsic Pathway (chemicals outside the cell) |
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Definition
Step 1: create prothrombinase
Step2: Protrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin
Step3: Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin |
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Term
| Intrinsic Pathways (chemicals in the blood) |
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Definition
Step1: create prothrombinase
Step 2: Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin
Step 3: thrombin converts firinogen to fribin. |
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Term
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Definition
This clotting pathway is slower but makes a stronger clot.
This pathway also strenthens the previous clot made.
- All the chemicals needed for this clot are already in the blood and they become activated when they come in contact with exposed collagen fibers.
- Leads to the creation of prothrombinase
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Term
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Definition
| This is already in the blood which is slouble and turns into fibrin which is insoluable. |
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Term
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Definition
| After this is made it traps cells that are floating by which forms the clot. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is when fibrin threads contract which draws the damaged edges together. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____________are enzymes that are included in the clot . When the time is right endothelial cells activate the ____ and convert it to fibrinolysin ( plasmin) |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ deactivates clotting factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrin absorbs a lot of the clotting factors in particular thrombin which does what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Clot that forms in and undamaged vessel. Usually a vein. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal circulating mass (plaque. bacteria, fat. clot, air bubble) |
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Term
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Definition
| this drug is given to a mother right before and right after the delivery of a child if she is to deliver to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn if the fetus is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-. |
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Term
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Definition
| the 2 atria of the heart contract together or seperatly? |
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Term
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Definition
| the 2 vetnricles of the heart contract together or seperatly? |
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Term
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Definition
| the 2 atrioventricular valves close as the ventriles _____ relaxing ventricles allows valve to open... |
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Term
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Definition
| while the ventricles contract it allows the semilunar valves to _____ realxing ventricles closes them. |
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Term
| .8 seconds or 800 milliseconds |
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Definition
| the cardiac cycle take show long |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of the heart is called... |
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Term
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Definition
| the relaxation of the heart is called... |
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation of the heart lasts .... |
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Term
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Definition
| during relaxation ___ chambers are at rest |
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Term
| isovolumetric relaxation, rapid ventricular filling and diastsis. |
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Definition
| relaxation periods involves .... |
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Term
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Definition
| by the end of relaxtion the ventricles should be ___% filled with blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| During this phase no new blood is in the venrticles because the AV valves are not open yet. the ventricle have 60 ml of blood per ventricle ( end systolic pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| the back flood of blood fills the ______ which closes them. |
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Term
| rapid ventricular filling |
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Definition
| As soon as the AV valves open which process begins? |
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Term
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Definition
| the last fe moments of ventrivular filling |
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Term
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Definition
| Atrium contract to finish filling the ventricles. they only fill 25 ml of additional blood. this take 100 milliseconds |
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Term
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Definition
| which artery carries blood to the lungs? |
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Term
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Definition
| this process takes 300 milliseconds to contract. |
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Term
| isovolumetric contraction |
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Definition
| Cardiac muscle fibers are exerting force w/o shortening. 1st 50 ms of ventricular systole. |
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Term
| isovolumetric contraction |
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Definition
| this contraction exerts enough force to close the AV valves but not enough to open the semilunars. |
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Term
| Isovolumetric contraction |
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Definition
| All valves are closed at what point? |
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Term
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Definition
| remaining 250 ms of ventricle systole. |
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Term
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Definition
| The aortic semilunar valves have _____ pressure on the left ventricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pulmonic semilunar valves has _______ pressure on the right ventricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the natural pacemaker of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| when the SA node fires it senda a electricle current over the atria which is indicated on a EKG by which wave? |
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Term
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Definition
| After the SA node sends the electricle signal it reaches the _____ and the ____( same word) fires and sends electrical current down the bundle of his( AV bundle) which sends it to the purkinje fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| the elctrical current goes to the AV node then down the bundle of his and then spreds to the purkinje fibers to allow the ventricles time to contract after the atria. it also ensures that the heart contracts starting at the apex. |
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Term
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Definition
| these are flaps over the atriums |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the outer most layer of the heart enclosure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
groove that makes the boundaries of the aorta and ventricle.
- also houses the coronary sinus
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Term
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Definition
| collects blood used to nourish the heart and then puts it back into the heart. |
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Term
| Anterior interventricular sulcus |
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Definition
| On the front of the heart there is a ( type of sulcus) |
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Term
| posterior interventricular sulcus |
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Definition
| on the back of the heart there is ( type of sulcus) |
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Term
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Definition
| the openings for the superior and inferior vena cavas as well as the opening for the coronary sinus are in which atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| are in the right and left atria ( they are the little ridges) |
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Term
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Definition
what used to be the foramen ovale which ws a hole in the interatrial septum which allowed blood to pass through the right atrium to the left "fetal blood"
This bypassed the fetal lungs b/c they arent working |
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Term
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Definition
| in the ventricles there are what type of muscle ( big bumpy muscle) |
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Term
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Definition
| attached to the papilary muscle there are ____ and they also attach to the cusps of the AV valves. |
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Term
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Definition
| this term refers tot he ridges in the meat of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the right AV is the ________ valve it has 3 cusps |
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Term
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Definition
| the left AV valve it the _______ or mitral valve it has 2 cusps |
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Term
| pulmonary semilunar valves |
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Definition
| this valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. |
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Term
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Definition
| this valve is betweebn the left venricle and aorta. |
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Term
- Brachiocephalic Trunk
- left subclavian
- left common carotid
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Definition
| what 3 branches are on the aortic arch |
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Term
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Definition
| how many arteries does the pulmonary trunk split into ? |
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Term
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Definition
| veins usually carry what kind of blood? with the exception of the the pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood |
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Term
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Definition
| arteries usually carry what kind of blood ? with the exception of the pulmonary artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| the short vessel that allowed fetal blood to pass into the aorta from the pulmonary trunk was called the ductus arteriosis and is now called the _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| p wave represents the ______ of the atria ( electricity spreads over the atria and the atria SHOULD contract) |
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Term
| depolarization of the ventricles |
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Definition
| QRS wave represents the _____ of the ventricles ( ventricle SHOULD contract) |
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Term
| repolarization of the verntricle |
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Definition
| T wave represents the __________ of the ventricles ( ventricles returning to rest) |
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Term
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Definition
| stroke volume * heart rate ( vloume of blood being ejected from the ventricle) |
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Term
| EDV (end diastolic volume) |
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Definition
| volume at end of rest period |
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Term
| ESV ( end systolic volume) |
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Definition
| vloume at the end of the contraction period |
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Term
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Definition
| stroke volume is regulated by increasing or decreasing preload , which increases the end diastolic volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| who suggested the more the ventricles fill during diastole the more force comes with systole? |
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Term
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Definition
increased Stroke volume with contractility increases amount of calcium present and will make a greater or weaker contraction?
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Term
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Definition
controlled by signals sent to the medulla in the medulla there are cardiovascular center.
- cardioinhibitory center
- cardioexelleratory center
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Term
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Definition
| sends impulses along the parasympathetic fibers passing through the vegas nurse which passes through the SA and AV nodes and myocardium of atria which decreases HR |
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Term
| Cardioexelleratory center |
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Definition
| sends impulses also sympethic fibers and throacic nerves and targets SA and AV nodes as well as myocardium which increases HR |
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Term
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Definition
| these are in the walls of the atria and monitor CO2, O2 and H+ ion levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| when which 2 levels are up do a signal go to the medulla and the cardioaccelerator center which raises HR |
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Term
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Definition
| if there are a lot of H+ then there will be a lot of CO2 because O2 is carried by what? (acid base balance) |
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Term
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Definition
| tells the medulla if limbs are moving and to kick up the heat or if they are not moving and to kick down the HR |
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Term
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Definition
| detect pressure in the arteries and veins if there is an increase in BP then these receptors send a signal to the medulla and the medulla says SLOW DOWN! |
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Term
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Definition
| detect body heat. Temp correlates with HR if the HR is up the temp will prolly be up |
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Term
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Definition
| these events stimulate HR |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic pain will increase or decrease HR? |
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Term
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Definition
acute pain will increase or decrease pain?
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Term
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Definition
| an extra or unsual sound heard in the heart on ausculation |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| The flaps of the valve are "floppy" and don't close tightly. and lets some blood regurgitate into the left artium |
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