Manage an impression

Reduce uncertainty

Relational needs

Physical needs

Spiritual needs

Instrumental needs

Identify the following reason why we communicate:

It is an identity need. We communicate to project an image; public face

Identify the following reason why we communicate:

Reduce Uncertainty

*Uncertainty reduction theory: as humans we always want to know more

Identify the following reason why we communicate:

Identify the following reason why we communicate:

Identify the following reason why we communicate:

Identify the following reason why we communicate:

1. You cannot not communicate

2. Meanings are in people

3. Communication is "filtered"

4. Communication relies on multiple channels

6. Communication = relationship

7. Communication is a tool

8. Communication is irreversible

9. Communication is not common sense

10. Communication is learned

11. Communication has content and relational meaning

12. Communication is intentional and unintentional

Identify the characterstic of communication:

Identify the characterstic of communication:

Identify the characterstic of communication:

Identify the characterstic of communication:

Identify the characterstic of communication:

Identify the characterstic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Communication has both content and relational meaning:

Content = denotative (dictonary meaning)

Relational = connotative (when you think of a word, what do you think of)

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

Identify the characteristic of communication:

What are the 5 myths about communication?

Everyone is an expert in communication

More communication is better

Communication will solve any problem

Communication is inherently good

Communication can break down

Identify the following communication myth:

Having experience in something does not necessarily mean that you are an expert

Identify the following communication myth:

The effectiveness of our communication - rather than the amount of communicaton - is often what matters

Identify the following communication myth:

When we discuss something more, it doesn't necessarily mean it will fix it

Identify the following communication myth:

Sometimes communication can be put to a positive use but it also can be used negatively

Identify the following communication myth:

Problem lies not with communication itself but in the way that we are using it

Involvment

Proximity

Utility

Reinforcement

Identify the reason for interaction:

We are drawn to situations that we are interested in

ex. volunteering

Identify the reason for interaction:

We meet others because we are close

Ex. dorms

Identify the reason for interaction:

We interact because it is useful to us.

Ex. interaction with a tutor, librarian

Identify the reason for interaction:

We like to be around people who make us feel good

Ex. relationships

What are the 3 predictions our communication is based on?

Cultural

Sociological

Interpersonal

Identify the prediction that communication is based on:

It is very broad

ex. American

Identify the prediction that communication is based on:

Much smaller groups

Ex. church you belong to, where we work, college you attend

Identify the prediction that communication is based on:

When you know someone so well that you know that they dont always follow the sterotype of the groups to which they belong.

Appropriateness: follows rules

Effectivness: achieves goal(s)

Self-awareness

Adaptability

Empathy

Cognitive complexity

Ethics

Identify the characterstic of a competent communicator:

We understand the consequences of communication on us and on others

Identify the characteristic of a competent communicator:

Possessing the ability to change with the situation

Identify the characteristic of a competent communicator:

Understanding the other person's situation; feeling someones feelings with them

Identify the characteristic of a competent communicator:

The ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways. Keeps one from jumping to the wrong conclusion.

Identify the characteristic of a competent communicator:

Having a moral compass. Understanding that things are often gray; not black and white.

We think of communication as a one way process. 

Action model is very linear; a source sends a messasge through some channel to the speaker and noise interfers with the message somehow

What is the Communication as Transaction model like?

Organize

Redundancy

Focus on Schemas

Ask Questions

What feature of message quality is the following?

Knowing your purpose, "chunking" information, dropping what is unimportant.

What feature of message quality is the following?

Saying something over again in different ways. Offering 2+ examples for each concept.

What feature of message quality is the following?

Doing something over and over again in the same way

What feature of message quality is the following?

Using a category system for storing information and speaking to people's experiences

What feature of message quality is the following?

open ended v. close ended, avoid taking a position to early

Identify the value and the norm.

Community is important to us so we give back.

Value: Community

Norm: We give back

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Responsiblity to oneself v. responsiblity to others

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

Name the following dimensions of culture:

A phrase whose meaning is purely figurative. 

The following is an example of which communication code?

"to kick the bucket"

Idiom

Means to die

The following is an example of which communication code?

"ecchymosis on distal phalange"

Jargon

Means bruise on fingertip

The following is an example of which communication code?

Making the texas longhorns symbol

Gesture

Means something different depending on what culture you are in 

Which is the following theory?

We work to "save face" and protect our image. Particularly comes into play when we are engaged in conflict.

Name the theory:

We attempt to fit into the culture in which we are in.

Ex. Buying OU gear when we visit Athens.

Name the following theory:

We try to accomodate others as we interact.

Ex. Speaking louder to older individuals

What are the 4 influences in which we learn gender beliefs?

Interpersonal

Institutional

Media

Cultural Beliefs

How do we know who we are?

We see ourselves as reflective of how others treat us and view us. It is who we become.

How do we know who we are?

We know who we are through comparing ourselves to others

How does self concept shape communication?

Awareness of how we appear; adjust communication accordingly

How does self concept shape communication?

We have a tendency to "mold" people into their ideal selves; we help them uncover their best potential.

How does self-concept shape communication?

People have a desire to self-expand. people achieve this through relationships and they seek out ones that help them to grow

What are our needs as individuals? (4)

Control

Affection

Inclusion

Efficacy

Identify the following need that we have as individuals:

To be in charge of things

What mechanism of control is being demonstrated:

Crying in an argument to gain some control, then you turn against them. We seem weak to gain control

Identify the mechanism of control:

When someone goes out of their way to do things for us, we feel as if we owe them something. This gives the other person control and they can hold it over the other person

Identify the following need that we have as individuals:

The need to be loved and cared about

Identify the following need that we have as individuals:

Need to be a part of things

Identify the following need that we have as individuals:

Need to feel like what we do matters.

*At some point money is not the motivator, mastery is

Fellowship

Autonomy

Competence

Identify the following "face" need that we have:

Interaction with others and the feelings of belonging

Identify the following "face" need that we have:

Independence and privacy

Identify the following "face" need that we have:

That we are smart enough, that we know what we are talking about.

Selection

Organization

Interpretation

What is the following stage of perception?

When something in our environment stands out and gets our attention. Unusual or unexpected

What is the following stage of perception?

We put things into a framework (schema) of things we are familiar with

What is the following stage of perception?

We take the information that we have picked up and make meanings of it

Physical

Role

Interaction

Psychological

Identify the perception theory:

When we look for an explanation in something; the answer to a "why" question

Locus: is it internal or external?

Stability: Will this change (unstable) or stay the same (stable)?

Controllability: Can the person do anything about it? Yes (controllable), No (uncontrollable)

When judging others behaviors there are 2 errors we make:

1.) if they do well, it was easy; if they do poorly, they did not prepare

2.) "its because you are a girl" "its because you are an athlete"

 1. Fundamental Attribution Error

2. Overattribution

Identify the perception theory:

Identify the perception theory:

Identify the characterstic of a stereotype:

Tend to emphasize all, not some of a certain group of people

Identify the characterstic of a stereotype:

Do not tend to fall in the middle, they are one end or another

Identify the characterstic of a stereotype:

Tend to focus on the bad

Identify the characterstic of a stereotype:

Not overly complicated

Identify the characterstic of a stereotype:

Have some truth to them

Identify the characterstic of a stereotype:

If you believe a stereotype about someone you can actually help make it come true

Family

Friends 

Media

Limited observation

Efficient (cognitive shortcuts)

Ego Defense (make ourselves feel better)

Agression (in wars, negative labels arise)

Conformity (easier to go with the flow)

Positive

Negative

Identify the specific type of rumor:

Reflect feared or anxiety provoking outcomes

Identify the specific type of rumor:

Identify the specific type of rumor:

_______ are more discrete

________ is more about what has happened.

Rumors

Gossip

Anxiety

Ambiguity

Information Importance

Credibility

Identify the thing that causes the rumor to thrive:

General feeling of uneasiness about what is being said

Identify the thing that causes the rumor to thrive:

Identify the thing that causes the rumor to thrive:

Reasonable

Simple

Difficult to disprove

Speed: "spread like wildfire"

Willing communicators

Group size (smaller is more likely to get around faster)

Accuracy: kernal of truth involved

Identify the reason we gossip:

It helps us to pass time

Identify the reason we gossip:

Having information gives us power

Identify the reason we gossip:

Sometimes we want to make people look bad

Identify the reason we gossip:

How we use to document "family stories"

Identify the reason we gossip:

Learn about what's acceptable/not acceptable. to set rules

Identify the reason we gossip:

Measure of integration; more gossip, tighter knit

pre-emptive positive evaluation

sarcasm

change topic

Identify the way to stop gossip about someone else:

Say nice things about them before it gets bad

Identify the way to stop gossip about someone else:

When we cause the gossip to lose its seriousness; discredit

Identify the way to stop gossip about someone else:

Start a discussion on something else

Ignore

Deny

Label it as gossip

Question motives

Go to the source

Use support groups "reinforcers"

Distract

Identify the rule of language:

When we refer to sounds

Identify the rule of language:

Identify the rule of language:

Identify the rule of language:

Reference (thought)

Symbol (word)                              Referent (Definition)

By the time things get to people who have last names further in the alphabet, they are less or worse in some way.

By middle age these individuals are more impulsive as a result

Words persuade us:

Ethics

Words persuade us:

Emotions

Words persuade us:

 Logic

Name the way in which language affects credibility:

Overused phrases

Name the way in which language affects credibility:

Name the way in which language affects credibility:

What dimension is the following in regards to emotion?

How you think about emotions/label them

What dimension is the following in regards to emotion?

What dimension is the following in regards to emotion?

Name the theory:

We have expectations for others behavior in society and we notice when people violate these. When this happens we form negative impressions of them

Identify the principle of attraction:

When we are around people we're attracted to, we tend to mimic each others behavior

Identify the principle of attraction:

When we're attracted we find it easy to talk, we become in sync. When we _____ we are happier

Identify the movement/gesture:

"come here", waving hi or bye

Identify the movement/gesture:

Identify the movement/gesture:

Identify the movement/gesture:

Identify the movement/gesture:

Identify the type of space being talked about:

0-1.5 feet

Identify the type of space being talked about:

1.5-4 feet

Identify the type of space being talked about:

4-12 feet

Identify the type of space being talked about:

12+ feet

Identify the type of touch:

"hugging"

Identify the type of touch:

feeding someone, tucking them into bed

Identify the type of touch:

Grabbing hand, spanking, abusive touch

Identify the type of touch:

Sister hits you (more between peers)

Identify the type of touch:

Handshakes, sign of peace, kissing/holding hands

Identify the type of power:

Coercive; if you break the law you will go to jail

Identify the type of power:

offering an incentive for behavior

Identify the type of power:

legitimate; those in power roles such as prof's, police

Identify the type of power:

When we admire someone

Identify the type of power:

Someone who teaches us lessons on life

Identify the type of power:

Connections; power because they know people

Identify the type of power:

Power because they have a lot of knowledge; doctors

Identify the type of reward:

Gaining knowledge, to feel good, to accomplish

Identify the type of reward:

gifts, gestures from others

Identify the type of reward:

Happens randomly, unplanned

Identify the type of reward:

Expected