Term
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Definition
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Thomas Cole, The Architect’s Dream, oil on canvas, 1840
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Definition
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Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, Goethe in the Roman Campagna, oil on canvas, 1786
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Definition
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Architecture student with sketchbook at the Parthenon, Athens, 2008
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Term
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Definition
Reconstruction drawing, of a prehistoric hut, Terra Amata, near Nice, France, ca. 400,000 BC
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Term
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Definition
Painted caves at Lascaux, Dordogne, France, ca. 15000-13000 BC
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Definition
Carnac alignments, Brittany, France, ca. 4250-3750 BC
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Term
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Definition
Carnac alignments, Brittany, France, ca. 4250-3750 BC
"Le Geant" mehir
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Term
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Definition
Dolmen Menga, Antequera, Andalusia, Spain, ca. 2500 BC
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Term
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Definition
Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, ca. 2900-1400 BC
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Definition
Çatal Hüyük, Konya Plain, Anatolia, Turkey, ca. 6500-5700 BC
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Term
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Definition
| a prehistoric tomb made up of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally buried under an earth mound |
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Term
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Definition
| a cirlce of upright stones or posts |
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Term
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Definition
| a cirle of upright stones or posts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a prehistoric monument in the form of a large, upright stone |
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Term
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Definition
| a surface that is written or drawn upon, and then cleared and reused, often leaving trace remnants of the previous work |
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Term
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Definition
| construction using upright posts and horizontal lintels, not arches or vaults; also knows as "post-and-beam" or "post-and-lintel" construction |
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Term
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Definition
| building materials used for making walls, consisting of "wattle" or thin branches weaved between upright stakes, and reinforced by applying "daub" or a plaster-like substance over the wattle structure |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Statues of Gudea, including one holding temple plan, from Girsu, Iraq, diorite, ca. 2100 BC
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Term
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Definition
White Temple and Ziggurat, Uruk (Warka, Iraq), ca. 3500-3000 BC
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Term
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Definition
Stele with law code of Hammurabi, from Susa, Iran, basalt, ca. 1780 BC
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Term
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Definition
Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, Ur, Iraq, ca. 2100 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq), ca. 720 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Lamassu figures and tribute bearers, gypsum, from Citadel of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin, ca. 720 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Ishtar Gate, Babylon (Iraq), glazed brick, ca. 575 BC
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Term
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Definition
| in ancient Mesopotamia, an indirect approach into a temple or a cella; generally gods entered into a temple on the long axis, while humans entered on the short axis and turned 90-degrees to approach the cult statue |
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Term
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Definition
| an asphalt of Asia Minor used in ancient times as a cement and mortar |
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Term
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Definition
| the main room in a temple, housing the cult statue |
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Term
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Definition
| an Assyrian guardian in the form of a human-headed winged bull |
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Term
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Definition
| in ancient Mesopotamia, a pyramidal mound or tower built of mud-brick forming the base of a temple, usually stepped or having a borad ascent winding around it |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
Entrance hall and colonnade
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Term
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Definition
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Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
Jubilee Court
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Term
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Definition
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Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
South Palace
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Term
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Definition
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Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
North Palace
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Term
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Definition
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Imhotep, arch., Funerary complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III (Old Kingdom), ca. 2630 BC
Step pyramid
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Term
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Definition
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Bent Pyramid of Sneferu, Dahshur, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom)
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Term
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Definition
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Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC
Great Sphinx
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Term
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Definition
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Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren), Giza, Egypt, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2530 BC
Valley Temple
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Term
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Definition
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Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC
Grand Gallery
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Term
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Definition
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Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops), Giza, Dynasty IV (Old Kingdom), ca. 2550 BC
King's Chamber
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Term
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Definition
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Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC
Tomb of Amenemhet
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Term
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Definition
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Rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2000-1900 BC
Tomb of Kheit
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Term
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Definition
| a cone-shaped stone in Egypt, which was the most sacred relic of the sun god Re; the basis of the pyramidian form |
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Term
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Definition
| windows placed high in a wall, usually above lower roof elements |
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Term
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Definition
| a very large; as in colossal statue or colossal column (which rises several stories) |
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Term
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Definition
| a column attached to or appearing to be partly embedded in a wall |
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Term
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Definition
| in ancient Egypt, the immortal human life force |
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Term
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Definition
| (from Arabic, bench) an Egyptian tomb with a flat top and sloping sides, built over a grave shaft |
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Term
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Definition
| (Greek, city of the dead) a large burial area or cemetery |
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Term
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Definition
| column forms found in ancient Egypt which pre-date (come "before") later Greek Doric columns, but which look very similar |
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Term
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Definition
| a traditional Egyptian form of building with dried river reeds that are bound together |
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Term
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Definition
| acts similarly to a relieving arch. A lintel (or rough construction) placed in a wall or above an opening to relieve it of superincumbent weight |
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Term
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Definition
| a small concealed chamber in an Egyptian mastaba for the statue of the deceased |
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Term
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Definition
| a mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties I-VI
ca. 2920-2134 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties XI-XIII
ca. 2040-1640 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties XVIII- XX
ca. 1550-1070 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasties XXI-XXI
1070-332 BC |
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Term
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Definition
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Corridor tomb of Seti I, Valley of the Kings, near Thebes, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1279 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Funerary Temple of Mentuhotep, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XI (Middle Kingdom), ca. 2061-2010 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Portico of the Anubic Sancuary
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Term
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Definition
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Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Chapel to Hathor, with Hathor-headed capitals
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Term
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Definition
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Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Punt Colennade
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Term
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Definition
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Senmut, arch., Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari, Thebes, Dynasty XVIII (New Kingdom), ca. 1473-1458 BC
Colossal statues of Hatshepsut as Osiris
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Term
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Definition
| a male figure that functions as a supporting column |
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Term
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Definition
| a main line of direction, motion, growth, or extension |
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Term
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Definition
| a female figure that functions as a supporting column |
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Term
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Definition
| an upright structural member, circular in plan, and usually slightly tapering; in classical architecture it consists of a base, shaft, and capital |
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Term
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Definition
| a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to support the roof, which gives the appearance of a forest of columns |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Horus, Edfu, Dynasty XXXI (Ptolemaic), 237-57 BC
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Term
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Definition
Great Temple of Amon, Karnak, Thebes, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1350-1205 BC
Hypostyle Hall
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Term
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Definition
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Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC
Avenue of Sphinxes
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC
Pylon of Ramses II
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Amon-Mut-Khonsu, Luxor, Thebes, mainly Dynasties XVIII and XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1408-1300 BC
Obelisk of Ramses II
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Term
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Definition
Great Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Dynasty XIX (New Kingdom), ca. 1290-1224 BC
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Term
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Definition
Hassan Fathy, arch., New Gourna village, Egypt, 1947-48 |
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Term
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Definition
| hewn blocks of masonry wrought to even faces and square edges and laid in horizontal courses with vertical joints, as opposed to rubble or unhewn stone straight from the quarry |
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Term
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Definition
| the head or crowning feature of a column |
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Term
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Definition
| a row of columns which carries an entablature |
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Term
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Definition
| a large hall composed of many columns placed close together to support the roof, which gives the appearance of a forest of columns |
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Term
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Definition
| a tall tapering shaft of monolithic stone, of square or rectangular section, and ending pyramidally |
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Term
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Definition
| a massive entrance to an Egypian temple, with sloping walls and a central opening |
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
plan
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
magazines
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
courtyard
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
throne room
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
Queen's megaron
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Term
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Definition
Palace Complex (“Palace of King Minos”), Knossos, Crete, ca. 1700-1380 BC
staircase
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
plan
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
Cycolpean walls
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
postern gates
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Term
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Definition
Citadel at Tiryns, Peloponnesus, Mycenae, ca. 1300 BC
megaron
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Term
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Definition
Megaron, Palace at Pylos, 13th century BC
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Term
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Definition
Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC
Lion Gate, ca. 1300 BC
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Term
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Definition
Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC
Grave Circle A
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Term
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Definition
Citadel and Palace of Mycenae, Greece, ca. 1600-1250 BC
Treasury of Atreus, ca. 1330 BC
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Term
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Definition
| parallel masonry layers, each projecting beyond the one below |
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Term
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Definition
| a "false" arch constructed by progressively cantilevering or corbelling from the two sides with horizontal joints |
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Term
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Definition
| in pre-Classical Greek architecture, a simple rounded capital carved from a block of stone, resembling a round cushion or pillow |
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Term
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Definition
| in pre-Classical Greek architecture, masonry constructed of very large irregular blocks of stone. The later Greeks believed such masonry was the work of a race of giants, the Cyclopes |
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Term
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Definition
| a long, high-walled, sloping entrance passage to a Mycenean tholos tomb |
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Term
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Definition
| the vertical face of an archway, doorway, or window |
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Term
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Definition
| a building with, or arrangement of, winding and confusing passageways |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle hall of an Anatolian, Cretan, or Mycenean palace or house. It is rectangular in plan, with a circular central hearth and a front porch formed by the prolongation of the side walls |
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Term
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Definition
| a small gateway, sometimes concealed, at the back of a castle, town, or monastery. |
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Term
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Definition
| an entrance-gateway to an enclosure (usually a temple or a palace precinct) |
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Term
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Definition
| an arch, usually of rough construction, placed in a wall above an arch or any opening, to relieve it of much of the superincumbent weight |
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Term
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Definition
| (pl., tholoi) a round tomb. In Mycenean architecture, a round, corbel-vaulted tomb; also referred to as a "beehive" tomb |
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Term
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Definition
Greek shrine, votive clay model, from Argos (Greece), eighth century BC
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Term
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Definition
Plates of primitive buildings, from Sir William Chambers, A Treatise on Civil Architecture (London, 1759)
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Term
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Definition
Doric Order
tapers upward, inspired by a male
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Term
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Definition
Ionic Order
volutes inspired by a woman's hair |
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Term
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Definition
Corinthian Order
a maiden, origin from Vitruvius? |
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Hera (I), a.k.a. Basilica, Paestum, Italy, ca. 550 BC
columns are entasis
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece, ca. 510-490 BC
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Term
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Definition
Temple of Hera (II), a.k.a. Temple of Poseidon, Paestum, Italy, ca. 460 BC
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (pl. acroteria) ornament placed at the apex or end of a pediment |
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Term
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Definition
| a pilaster not conforming to the order used elsewhere in a building, usually placed at the ends of the projecting walls of a temple portico or pronaos |
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Term
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Definition
| the sanctuary of a Greek temple, which houses the cult statue |
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Term
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Definition
| in Greek architecture, the stepped platform upon which the superstructure of a building is erected. The uppermost level of the crepidoma is the stylobate, and the lower levels are the stereobate |
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Term
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Definition
| literally, swelling. A slight convex curve to the profile of a column |
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Term
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Definition
| a false rear porch of a Greek temple |
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Term
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Definition
| in classical architecture, a column with a base (usually), shaft, capital, and entablature, decorated and proportioned according to one of the accepted modes (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) |
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Term
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Definition
| in classical architecture, a low-pitched gable above a portico, formed by running the top member of the entablature along the sides of the gable |
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Term
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Definition
| a single colennade surrounding a building or courtyard |
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Term
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Definition
| a shallow pier or rectangular column projecting only slightly from a wall, and, in classical architecture, conforming with one of the orders |
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Term
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Definition
| a roofed space, open or partly enclosed, forming the entrance and center-piece of the facade of a temple, house, or church, often with detached or attached columns and a pediment. (either prostyle or in antis) |
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Term
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Definition
| in a Greek temple, the space between the walls and the colonnades |
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Term
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Definition
| antechamber before the naos |
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Term
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Definition
| a substructure of masonry visible above ground level |
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Term
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Definition
| a continuous flat coping or pavement on which a row of columns is supported |
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Term
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Definition
| the triangular space enclosed by the mouldings of a pediment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| featherd, winged, or a row of columns |
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Term
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Definition
| having columns placed between two pilasters (antae) on the end of projecting walls |
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Term
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Definition
| (from Greek, stylos, meaning pillar) having columns across the front of a temple, but not between the projecting walls |
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Term
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Definition
| same as prostyle, but with columns at both ends |
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Term
A: distyle
B: tetrastyle
C: hexastyle
D: octastyle |
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Definition
A: two columns across temple front
B: four columns across front
C: six columns across front
D: eight columns across front |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surrounded by a single peristyle or row of columns |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounded by a double peristyle or row of columns |
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Term
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Definition
Polykleitos, sculp., Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Roman marble copy after Greek bronze original of ca. 450-440 BC
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Term
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Definition
Mnesikles, arch., Proplylaea, Acropolis of Athens, 437-432 BC
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Term
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Definition
Kallikrates, arch., Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis of Athens, 427-424 BC
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Term
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Definition
Iktinos and Kallikrates, archs., Parthenon, Acropolis of Athens, 448-432 BC |
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Term
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Definition
Phidias, sculp., sculptural program of the Parthenon, Acropolis of Athens, 448-432 BC
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Term
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Definition
Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-407 BC
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Term
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Definition
“Porch of the Maidens,” Erechtheion, Acropolis of Athens, ca. 421-407 BC
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Term
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Definition
| Greek, "high city." The upper citadel of a Greek city, usually the site where important temples were erected |
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Term
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Definition
| a sculptured femal figured used as a column, as on the Erechtheion at the Acropolis of Athens |
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Term
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Definition
| armory at the Acropolis in Athens, holding the arms of the goddess Athena, as well as votive offerings |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek, young woman. An Archaic Greek statuary type depicting a young woman |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek, young man. An Archaic Greek statuary type depicting a young man |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple, long, woolen, belted garment worn by ancient Greek women |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek, picture gallery. At the Acropolis of Athens this room of the Propylaea contained a picture gallery and functioned as a rest lounge for visitors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Persia attacks Greek mainland |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
432- 404 BC
Sparta defeats Athens |
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Term
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Definition
|
Polykleitos the Younger, Theater, Epidauros, Greece, ca. 350 BC
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Term
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Definition
|
Choragic Monument of Lysikrates, Athens, ca. 335 BC
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Term
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Definition
Agora at Athens, later fifth century BC; rebuilt second century BC
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Term
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Definition
Stoa of Attalos II, Athens, 159-132 BC
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Term
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Definition
Iktinos, arch., Temple of Apollo Epicurius, Bassae, Greece, ca. 450-425 BC
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Term
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Definition
Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes, sculps., Laocoön and His Sons, from Rome, marble, early first century AD
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Term
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Definition
Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of Miletos, archs., Temple of Apollo, Didyma, Turkey, begun 313 BC
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Term
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Definition
City plan of Priene, Turkey, fourth century BC
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Term
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Definition
Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, Turkey, ca. 181-159 BC
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Term
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Definition
| the open meeting place or market place in an ancient Greek city |
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Term
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Definition
| an ancient Greek assembly building or council hall |
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Term
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Definition
| a monument built to honor the winner of a choral contest |
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Term
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Definition
| a small ancient Greek or Roman theater, often roofed and used for musical performances |
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Term
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Definition
| an ancient Greek wrestling school; or, more generally, an ancient Greek or Roman building for athletic training |
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Term
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Definition
| (proscenium) a raised platform from which actors performed their lines in a Greek theater |
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Term
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Definition
| a backdrop building in a Greek theater |
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Term
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Definition
| In ancient Greece, a long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back; used for shops, meetings, or exhibitions |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Johann Joachim Winkelmann |
|
Definition
1717-1768 AD
Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (“History of Art among the Ancients”), 1764 |
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