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Exam 1
Tech 1354 "children and Their Development 6e" ch.1,3,4,5,14
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Undergraduate 2
09/27/2013

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Cards

Term

John Locke

 

Blank Slate/ Tabula Rasa

Definition
That essentially a mind is born empty of ideas and only filled by exposure to the outside enviroment
Term

Arnold Gesell

(Biological perspective)

 

Maturational Theory

Definition
Child development reflects a speicific prearranged scheme or plan within the body.
Term

Konrad Lorenz 

 

Ethological Theory

 

Definition
View of development from the evolutionary perspective.
Term

Konrad Lorenz 

 
Critical Period 
Definition
The time in development when a specific type of learning can take place.
Term

Konrad Lorenz 

 
Imprinting 
Definition
Creating an emotional bond with the mother.
Term

Sigmund Freud

 

Psychodynamic Theory 

(ID, Ego, Superego)

Definition
How well people resolve conflicts they face at different ages.
Term

Sigmund Freud 

(Psychodynamic Theory)

 

ID 

Definition
Primitive instincts and drive. Wants and needs.
Term

Sigmund Freud 

(Psychodynamic Theory)

 

EGO

Definition
The practical, rational component of the personality.
Term

Sigmund Freud 

(Psychodynamic Theory)

 

SUPEREGO

Definition
"Moral agent" the parents' standards of right and wrong.
Term

Erik Erikson

 

STAGES (FIRST 3)

Definition
  1. Basic trust 
  2. Autonony vs. Shame
  3. Imitative vs. Guilt
Term

B.F Skinner

 

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Definition
Which consequences determine if a behavior will be repeated.
Term

B.F Skinner

(Operant Conditioning)


REINFORCEMENT

Definition

A consequence that increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. 

+reinforcement: reward with something they want 

-reinforcement: reward something away they don't likdots do. 

Term

B.F Skinner

(Operant Conditioning)

 

PUNISHMENT

Definition
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
Term

B.F Skinner

(Operant Conditioning)


OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING (Imitation)

Definition
Children learn by watching those around them.
Term

Albert Bandura 

 

Social Cognitive Theory 

Definition
More complex view of reward, punishment, and imitation.
Term

Jean Piaget 

 

Cognitive Development Perspective

Definition
Focuses on how children and how their thinking changes as they grow.
Term

Jean Piaget 

(Cognitive Development Perspective)


4 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 

Definition
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete Operational
  4. Formal Operational
Term

Lev Vygotsky

 

Socio-cultral Perspective

Definition
Culture/environment plays a role in the child's development.
Term
SLEEP
Definition
Is essential for normal growth because 80% of the hormone that stimulates growth are released.
Term
GROWTH HORMONES
Definition
When hormones are released during sleep that regulates growth of muscles and bones.
Term
PUBERTY
Definition
A collection of physical changes that mark the onset adolescence. (growth spurts, breast, and testes)
Term

OSTEOPOROSIS 

 

and preventions. 

Definition

Disease commonly woman's men over 50, when bones become brittle and thin, may break. 

 

Preventions: 3cups of milk, 1/2 ounce of cheese, 1cup of spinach and 30 minutes of weight bearing exercises. 

Term
Primary Sex Characteristics. 
Definition

Organs that are directly involved in reproduction. 

ie: ovaries, uterus, vagina,penis 

Term
Secondary Sex Characteristics 
Definition

Physical signs of maturity that are not linked to reproduction. 

ie: girls: breast, widening of pelvis 

boys:facial hair, broadening of shoulders. 

Both: body hair, changes to voice and skin. 

Term
MENARCHE
Definition
Menstrual Cycle
Term
SPERMARCHE
Definition
The first spontaneous ejaculation of sperm-laden fluids.
Term
MALNUTRITION
Definition
Being small for ones age do to inadequate nutrition
Term
Anorexia Nervosa 
Definition
Persistent refusal to eat and an irrational fear of being overweight.
Term
Bulimia Nervosa
Definition
Alternate between binge eating periods when they eat uncontrollably and purging through self-induced vomiting.
Term
Diease leading cause of death?
Definition
Pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malaria, and malnutrition.
Term
Accident leading cause of death?
Definition
Motor Vehicles
Term
Neuron
Definition
A cell that specialize in receiving and transmitting information.
Term
Cell Body
Definition
Keeps the neuron alive.
Term
Dendrites
Definition
The receiving end of the neuron.
Term
Axon
Definition
Tube-like structure that connects one neuron to the next.
Term
Myelin
Definition
A fatty sheath that send information faster.
Term
Terminal Buttons
Definition
Knobs at the end of a axon that release neuron transmitters.
Term
Neurontransmitters
Definition
A chemical that carries information to a neuron.
Term
Synapse
Definition
Gaps between the neurons.
Term
Cerebral Cortex
Definition
Regulates the functions that makes us human.
Term
Hemisphere.
Definition
Right and left halves of the cortex.
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
A thickthin kick bundle that links the hemisphere to a million axons.
Term
Frontal Cortex
Definition
Where personalities and abilities are kept.
Term
Neural Plate
Definition
A flat structure formed after 3 weeks after conception. In 4 weeks forms into the brain spinal cord.
Term
Locomotion
Definition
Infants must learn to move about in the world.
Term
Toddlers
Definition
A young child that just learned to walk.
Term
Dynamic System Theory
Definition
Theory that motor development involves many distinct skills that organize and reorganize over time to meet demands of specific task.
Term
Posture and Balance
Definition
The ability to maintain an upright posture is fundamental to walking.
Term
Stepping
Definition
Essential element to walking is moving legs alternately repeating transferring weigh from one foot to another.
Term
What cultural practice promotes motor development?
Definition
  1. Piggybacking
  2. Daily training sessions.  
Term
Explains of beyond walking:
Definition
  1. Running 
  2. Hopping 
  3. Quickly changing directions
Term
Handedness
Definition
When changed interchangeably use their alert and right hand, until their 1st birthday when genetics and the environment plays a role in wheter the child will be left/right handed.
Term
Benefits of participating in sports:
Definition
  1. Self-esteem
  2. Initiative 
  3. Social skills
  4. Health 
Term
Bronfenbrenner's Systems
Definition
  1. Microsystem 
  2. Mesosystem
  3. Exosystem
  4. Macrosystem
  5. Chronosystem
Term
Microsystem
Definition
People and objects in an individual's immediate environment
Term
Mesosystem
Definition
What happens in the Microsystem that is likely to happen in other systems.
Term
Exosystem
Definition
Social setting that a person might not experience firsthand  but still influence development.
Term
Macrosystem
Definition
Beliefs, rules, subculture, and cultures that falls in the other systems.
Term
Chronosystem
Definition
All changes over time (things that might have fallen in other systems but changed over time).
Term

Parenting Styles 

 

Definition
  1. Authoritarian parenting 
  2. Authoritative parenting 
  3. Permissive parenting
  4. Uninvolved parenting
Term

(Parenting styles)

 

Authoritarian 

Definition

High control little warmth 

(set rules and expect them to be followed without question)

Term

(Parenting styles)


Authoritative

Definition

Fair degree of control, warmth and responsivity 

(explains rules and encourage discussion)

Term

(Parenting styles)


Permissive

Definition

Little control offers warmth and caring 

(excepts child behavior and doesn't often punish them)

Term

(Parenting styles)

 

Involved

Definition

No control or warmth

(provides basic physical and emotion need but little else)

Term

Zygote 

Definition
Fertilized egg the implants itself in the wall of the uterus.
Term
Blastocyst
Definition
After 4 days the consist of 100 cells that resembles a hallow ball.
Term
 Implantation
Definition
When the blastocyst implants in the uterine wall and establish connection with the mother's blood vessel.
Term
Germ Disc
Definition
A small cluster of cells on the center of the blastocyst which will eventually develope into the baby.
Term
Embryo
Definition
After the blastocyst is completely embedded in the uterine walls.
Term

Amniotic Sac

Definition
where the embryo rest
Term
Amniotic Fluid
Definition
Fill the amniotic sac and cushions the embryo and maintain a constant temperature.
Term
Umbilical Cord 
Definition
Houses the blood vessel that joins the embryo to the placenta.
Term
Villi
Definition
Finger-like projections from the umbilical cord blood vessels the flows blood.
Term
Vernix
Definition
Skin thickens and becomes covered in a thick greasy substance that protects the fetus while in the amniotic fluid.
Term
Age of Viability
Definition
bythey 22-28 weeks most system function well enough that a fetus born at this time has a chance to survive.
Term
Apgar
Definition
A measure devised to evaluate the newborn baby's condition
Term
What causes SIDS?
Definition
Allowing the baby to sleep on the stomach.
Term
NBAS
Definition
Used on 2month olds to provide a detailed portrait of the baby's behavioral repertoire.
Term
Synaptic Pruning
Definition
Weeding out the things your not using.
Term
Plasticity
Definition
The brain's ability to change at any age.
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