Shared Flashcard Set

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Exam 1
n/a
43
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 3
10/15/2013

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Chronic Delinquents
Definition

youths that have been arrested four or more times; known as the “Chronic 6”

Term
Juvenile Justice System
Definition
segment of the justice system including law enforcement officer, the courts, and correctional agencies, designed to treat youthful offenders
Term
Aging Out Process
Definition

the tendency for youths to reduce the frequency of their offending behavior as they age; thought to occur among all group of offenders

Term
Paternalistic Family
Definition

father is the final authority on all family matters and shows complete control over his wife and children

Term
Parens Patrie Philosophy
Definition
power of the state to act on behalf of the child and provide care and protection equivalent to that of a parent
Term
Best Interest of the Child
Definition

viewpoint that encourages the state to take control of wayward children and provide care, custody and treatment to remedy delinquent behavior

Term
Status Offense
Definition
- conduct that is illegal only because the child is under age; examples- smoke/drink, violate curfew, skip school, run away
Term
Waiver Process
Definition

transferring legal jurisdiction over the most serious and experienced juvenile offenders to the adult court for criminal prosecutions

Term
Self-Report Surveys
Definition

questionnaire or survey technique that asks subjects to reveal their own participation in delinquent or criminal acts; typically accurate 

Term
Age of Onset
Definition

age that youths begin their delinquent careers; early onset is believed to be linked with chronic offending patterns

Term
Aging Out
Definition
the age that youths end their delinquent career
Term
Choice Theory
Definition
suggest that young offenders choose to engage in antisocial activity because they believe their actions will be beneficial and profitable; the risk outweigh the punishment 
Term
Routine Activities Theory
Definition

view that crime is a “normal” function of the routine activities of modern living; motivated offender, suitable target that is not protected by guardian

Term
General Deterrence
Definition

crime control policy that depend on the fear of criminal penalties such as long prison sentences for violent crimes; aim to convince law violators that the pain outweighs the benefits 

Term
Specific Deterrence
Definition

sending convicted offenders to secure incarceration facilities so that punishment is severe enough to convince offenders not to repeat

Term
ADHD- Physical Signs
Definition
lack of attention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, easily distracted, acts without thinking, cannot sit still, difficult adjusting to social demands
Term
Psychopathic Personality
Definition

“Antisocial” a person lacking in warmth and affection, exhibiting inappropriate behavior responses, and unable to learn from experience 

Term
Social Disorganization Theory
Definition

explain delinquency using socioeconomic condition and cultural values 

Term
Transitional Neighborhoods
Definition

- area undergoing a shift in population and structure, usually from middle-class residential to lower- class mixed use

Term
Cultural Transmission
Definition

cultural norms and values are passed down from one generation to the next

Term
Social Learning Theory
Definition

hypothesizes that delinquency is learned through close relationships with others; asserts that children are born good and learn to be bad from others

Term
Labeling Theory
Definition

posits that society creates deviance through a system of social control agencies that label certain individuals as delinquent, thereby stigmatizing youths and encouraging them to accept this negative personal identity  “Social Responses”

Term
Self-Labeling
Definition
one’s own view of self 
Term
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Definition
if children continually receive negative feedback from parents, teachers, and other whose opinion they take to heart, they will interpret them as true
Term
Nuclear Family
Definition

a family unit composed of parents and their children; subject to great stress due to the intense close contact 

Term
Intra-Family Violence
Definition

an environment of discord and conflict within the family which often follows with the children getting involved in delinquent behavior

Term
Child Abuse
Definition

any physical, emotional or sexual trauma to a child including neglecting to give proper care and attention for no reason

Term
Child Neglect
Definition

passive neglect by a parent or guardian depriving children of food, shelter, health care, and love

Term
Broken Home
Definition

- home in which one or both parents are absent due to divorce or separation, children in such a situation may be prone to anti-social behavior

Term
Battered Child Syndrome
Definition
nonaccidental physical injury of children by their parents or guardians         
Term
Sibling Birth Oder/ Family Size
Definition

big families aren’t as common, middle child is more of a trouble maker

Term
Cliques
Definition

small group of friends who share intimate knowledge and confidences

Term
Crowds
Definition
loosely organized groups who share interests and activities
Term
Gangs
Definition
group of youths who collectively engage in delinquent behaviors
Term
Social Gang
Definition

involved in few delinquent activities and little drug use other than alcohol and weed; members more interested in social activities 

Term
Party Gang
Definition

concentrates on drug use and sales but forgoes most delinquent behavior; drug sales are designed to finance members’ personal drug use

Term
Organized Gang
Definition
heavily involved in crime and drug use/sales
Term
Serious Delinquent Gang
Definition

engages in serious delinquent behavior while forgoing must drug use; drugs are only used in social occasion

Term
Average Age/ Size Gangs
Definition

increasing 

Term
Tossing Gang Signs
Definition
direct challenge
Term
Representing
Definition

tossing or flashing gang signs in the presence of rivals, often escalating into a verbal or physical confrontation 

Term
Anglo Gangs
Definition

fastest growing white gang, white supremacist 

Term
Scavenger Gang
Definition
group of kids with no purpose other than to survive 
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