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Exam 1
Chapter 1-4
165
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
09/12/2013
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Term
Sex was viewed as a religious duty, rather than a source of shame or guilt by....?
 Definition
the ancient Hindus of India.
Term
Which of the following statements is true about "queer theory"?
 Definition
Queer theory states that human sexuality has always been more varied than people in power admit.
Term
In psychoanalytic theory, which symbol might stand for the female genital organs if it appeared in a dream?
 Definition
Oven.
Term
Which view of women did Christianity in the Middle Ages offer?
 Definition
Women as Eve (the temptress) and as Mary (virtuous and pure)
Term
All societies have some form of ____ taboo.
 Definition
Incest.
Term
Rewards and punishments in the learning process were emphasized by...?
 Definition
B.F. Skinner.
Term
Who formulated psychoanalysis?
 Definition
Sigmund Freud.
Term
Which of the following researchers observed people engaging in sexual activity in laboratory?
 Definition
William H. Masters and Virginia Johnson.
Term
Who conducted the first large-scale studies of sexual behavior in the 1930s and 1940s?
 Definition
Alfred Kinsey.
Term
Which perspective studies the impact upon human sexuality of perception, learning, motivation, emotion and personality?
 Definition
Psychological perspective
Term
What is often called the "sexual revolution" in the United States occurred during which of the following periods?
 Definition
Mid-1960s to mid-1970s
Term
Which value system approaches ethical behavior based on a code of moral laws from an external source (such as a religion)?
 Definition
Legalism.
Term
Which perspective provides a focus on the roles of genes, hormones and the nervous system in human sexuality?
 Definition
Biological perspective.
Term
Which perspective places human sexuality in a broader context based on the study of other animal species?
 Definition
Cross-species perspective.
Term
When is the recognition that men play a role in reproduction thought to have developed?
 Definition
9000 BCE.
Term
Among the ancient Hebrews, Jewish law legislated...?
 Definition
The minimum frequency of marital relations.
Term
Which perspective on sexuality informs us of the relationship between sexual behavior and one's race, religion or social class within a society?
 Definition
Sociocultural.
Term
"A female is a deformed male" is a saying attributed to ....?
 Definition
Aristotle.
Term
In which of the following societies was prostitution common?
 Definition
Ancient Greece, Victorian England, Ancient Rome, All of the above.
Term
Denying sexual desires in order to devote oneself to spiritual pursuits is ...?
 Definition
Asceticism.
Term
Which scientists study human sexuality?
 Definition
Sociologists, Anthropologists, Biologists, All of the above.
Term
From the perspective of ______, sexual decision-making should be viewed in terms of cultural beliefs.
 Definition
Cultural relativism.
Term
The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) found that _____.
 Definition
At all ages, men masturbate more often than women.
Term
In what part of the world do many women feel free to initiate sex and relationships?
 Definition
The West.
Term
Who shows greater "erotic plasticity"?
 Definition
Women.
Term
Which perspective shows that sexual behavior among mammals such as primates is less directly controlled by instinct than among birds or fish?
 Definition
Cross-species perspective.
Term
Rewards and punishments in the learning process were emphasized by...
 Definition
John B. Watson.
Term
Who proposed that the human mind functions on conscious and unconscious levels?
 Definition
Sigmund Freud.
Term
What did the gay activism sprout?
 Definition
During the sexual revolution.
Term
The fact that most medical research has been conducted by men for men, and with men as subjects, is pointed out by which of the following?
 Definition
Feminist theory.
Term
Sexual lust was associated with the original sin of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden by ____?
 Definition
Saint Augustine.
Term
The pursuit of pleasure, regardless of whether a particular behavior is morally or situationally justified, is ____?
 Definition
Hedonism
Term
Feminist theory challenges traditional views of which of the following?
 Definition
Women as sexual "gatekeepers", Men as objective and rational and women as emotional and irrational, Men as breadwinners and women as homemakers, all of the above.
Term
Which perspective on sexuality informs us about the physiological mechanisms of sexual arousal and response?
 Definition
Biological.
Term
John Stuarts Mill's ethical system, which proposed that moral conduct is based on that which will bring about "the greatest good for the greatest number," is known as ____.
 Definition
Utilitarianism.
Term
The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) found that ______.
 Definition
The peak years for vaginal intercourse are ages 20 to 49.
Term
Which statement is true about the Victorian period?
 Definition
Women were thought not to experience sexual desires or pleasures.
Term
What does the word sex refer to?
 Definition
Our sexual organs, physical activities involving our sex organs, our anatomic sex. All of the above.
Term
Which of the following was true among the ancient Hebrews?
 Definition
A wife could be divorced on a whim, A man might have multiple wives and concubines, A wife could be stoned to death for adultery. All of the above.
Term
Which perspective studies the impact upon human sexuality of cultural institutions and beliefs?
 Definition
Sociological perspective.
Term
How do today's teenagers compare to teens a couple of generations ago in terms of sexual behavior?
 Definition
Teenagers today are sexually active at younger ages.
Term
Queer theory challenges which of the following assumptions?
 Definition
Heterosexuality is normal, whereas homosexuality is not. People are naturally divided into heterosexuals and homosexuals. Heterosexuality is superior to homosexuality. All of the above.
Term
When a female of an insect species eats the male after they mate, from an evolutionary perspective this may be an example of _____?
 Definition
Altruism.
Term
Most societies place a positive value on ____.
 Definition
Marriage.
Term
Masturbation was acceptable for women, but not for men, according to _____.
 Definition
Taoist holy writings.
Term
When did sexually explicit questionnaires proliferate in popular magazines?
 Definition
During the sexual revolution.
Term
in psychoanalytic theory, which symbol might stand for the male genital organs if it appeared in a dream?
 Definition
Fish.
Term
The ways in which we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings is known as _______.
 Definition
Human sexuality.
Term
Margaret Mead suggested that gender-role stereotypes are acquired through ___.
 Definition
Cultural expectations.
Term
Which of the following statements about human sexuality is true?
 Definition
Views of what is right and wrong show great diversity.
Term
What was NOT permitted in an ancient Hebrew marriage?
 Definition
Same-sex behavior.
Term
Sexual Behavior in the Human Female was written by _______.
 Definition
Alfred Kinsey.
Term
Sexuality in Indian society was less restrictive during which period?
 Definition
Before 1000 CE.
Term
Situational ethics were argued by ___.
 Definition
Fletcher.
Term
Another name for the naturalistic-observation method is ________.
 Definition
The field study.
Term
Define population.
 Definition
A complete group of organisms or events.
Term
A sample in which every member of a population has an equal chance of participating is a(n) _____?
 Definition
Random sample.
Term
A precise prediction about behavior that is tested through research is called a(n) __________?
 Definition
Hypothesis.
Term
An in-depth biography of a person or small group is obtained using the ________.
 Definition
Case study method.
Term
Which research method did researchers William Masters and Virginia Johnson use?
 Definition
Laboratory observation.
Term
In which research method do observers interact with the people they study as they collect data?
 Definition
Participant-observation method.
Term
Which study was intended to gather information to predict and prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS?
 Definition
The National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS) study.
Term
Which step comes first in the scientific method?
 Definition
Formulating a research question.
Term
Which research method deals descriptively with specific cultures, particularly preliterate societies?
 Definition
The ethnographic-observation method.
Term
Sex research raises ethical issues such as ________.
 Definition
The use of deception, exposing participants to harm, confidentiality, All of the above.
Term
The findings of magazine surveys are probably not terribly accurate due to _______.
 Definition
The small percentage of readers who respond to them, the sample representing only people who read the magazine rather than population, the fact that readers are wealthier than the public at large, all of the above.
Term
Today the laboratory-observation method to study sexuality is _______.
 Definition
Still used.
Term
Which technique does the science of human sexuality employ?
 Definition
Case study, survey, field study, all of the above.
Term
When thousands of people are interviewed or administered questionnaires, this is an example of the _______.
 Definition
Survey method.
Term
Which of the following might be a variable?
 Definition
Age, educational level, health, all of the above.
Term
Which of the following was a finding of the National Survey of Adolescents and Young Adults (2003)?
 Definition
About half of adolescents were reluctant to discuss condoms with their parents.
Term
Why does a correlation between two variables NOT show that changes in one variable cause changes in the other?
 Definition
Because the variables need to be experimentally manipulated to prove causation.
Term
What kind of sampling did Alfred Kinsey and colleagues use?
 Definition
Group sample.
Term
Which group was underrepresented in the Kinsey reports?
 Definition
Poor people.
Term
A sample of people who happen to be available to a researcher and share some characteristics of a target population is known as a(n) __________.
 Definition
Sample of convenience.
Term
A group of study participants who do NOT receive the experimental treatment is known as the ______.
 Definition
Control group.
Term
According to the National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG), conducted from 1988 to 2010, the incidence of intercourse among people aged 15 to 19 has been ______.
 Definition
Decreasing.
Term
What is the best method for studying cause and effect?
 Definition
The experimental method.
Term
A condition in a scientific study that is manipulated so that its effects may be observed is the ______.
 Definition
Independent variable and the treatment.
Term
Strip clubs are one current area of interest in _______.
 Definition
Participant observation.
Term
Public records might be used to conduct a(n) ______.
 Definition
Case study.
Term
Which research method did Margaret Meade (1935) employ?
 Definition
The ethnographic-observation method.
Term
According to the National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG), conducted from 1988 to 2010, the incidence of sexual intercourse among people aged 15 to 19 has
 Definition
Declined more in males than in females.
Term
What kind of sampling did Alfred Kinsey and colleagues use?
 Definition
Group sample.
Term
Which of the following was a finding of the National Survey of Adolescents and Young Adults (2003)?
 Definition
A majority of adolescents erroneously believed that other forms of contraception provided better protection against STI's than condoms.
Term
Research using different methods suggests that compared to women's sexual responses, men's sexual responses are ______-.
 Definition
More predictable.
Term
Which group was NOT well represented in the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS) study?
 Definition
Native Ameicans, Asian americans, Jews, all of the above.
Term
Define sample.
 Definition
Part of a population.
Term
The measured result of an experiment is the _______.
 Definition
Dependent variable.
Term
Believing the "kissing gouramis" are kissing, when in fact they are pressing their open mouths together in what is likely a test of strength, is an example of _____.
 Definition
Inference and anothropomorphism.
Term
A completion rate of 80% for the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS) can be credited to the fact that _______.
 Definition
Participants were given a financial incentive.
Term
Correlational research ______.
 Definition
Studies how change in one variable creates change in a second variable.
Term
In his sampling methods, Kinsey chose not to try to obtain ________.
 Definition
A random sample.
Term
If we had a sample of Asian American college students, we could generalize our findings to
 Definition
None of the above.
Term
Validity refers to ______.
 Definition
How accurately the questions measure what they are intended to measure.
Term
If a study were conducted on a sample of African American adolescents whom could the sample be generalized to?
 Definition
African American adolescents.
Term
An inference could also be called _______.
 Definition
A conclusion or opinion.
Term
Although case studies may provide rich material, researchers have to be aware of ________.
 Definition
Observer bias.
Term
Vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal is produced by ________.
 Definition
Moisture from small blood vessels in the vaginal wall, which is forced out and passes through the vaginal lining.
Term
Which of the following statements is true about pelvic examinations?
 Definition
Pelvic examinations are recommended twice a year for women over age 35.
Term
Disease organisms may enter the urinary tract due to the closeness of the urethral opening to the ______.
 Definition
Anus, Vagina, Partner's hands or sex organs, All of the above.
Term
Which of the following is NOT a precaution to help prevent inflammation of the bladder?
 Definition
Increasing the use of alcohol and caffeine.
Term
Which of the following is true about the mons veneris?
 Definition
It cushions a woman's body during sexual intercourse, Pubic hair on the mons veneris captures chemical secretions from the vagina during sexual arousal, whose scent may allure lovers, Caresses can produce pleasurable sensations because the mons veneris has ample supply of nerve endings, All of the above.
Term
Research results on the benefits and dangers of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are ________.
 Definition
Mixed.
Term
Approximately how many women experience some premenstrual symptoms?
 Definition
Three in four.
Term
Which of the following statements is true about the hymen?
 Definition
The hymen is found only in female horses and humans.
Term
Hairless membranes that surround the urethral and vaginal openings are called the ________.
 Definition
Labia Minora.
Term
The organ that contains the penis during sexual intercourse and through which a baby is born is the _______.
 Definition
Vagina.
Term
A human female is born with approximately how many ova (egg cells)?
 Definition
2 million.
Term
Which of the following statements is true?
 Definition
The normal, healthy vagina cleanses itself.
Term
The area within the labia minora that contains the openings to the vagina and urethra is called the _______.
 Definition
Vestibule.
Term
Where is the cervix located?
 Definition
At the lower end of the uterus.
Term
The Tuamotuan people of Polynesia have ten different terms for the ___________, which shows their interest in female sexuality.
 Definition
Clitoris.
Term
In which organ does a fertilized ovum implant and develop until birth?
 Definition
Uterus.
Term
The menstrual cycle averages _____.
 Definition
28 days.
Term
When it comes to breast cancer, African American women _______.
 Definition
Are less likely than European women to develop breast cancer and Who develop breast cancer are likely to have a more "aggressive" and lethal type of cancer than European women.
Term
Sex during menstruation is ________.
 Definition
Not harmful to either partner.
Term
The size of breasts is related to _______.
 Definition
None.
Term
The first phase of menstruation is the __________.
 Definition
Proliferative phase.
Term
Which of the following statements is true about clitoridectomy?
 Definition
It is illegal within the United States, regardless of the cultural or religious background of the perpetrators or victim.
Term
The most common menstrual problem is _____.
 Definition
Dysmenorrhea.
Term
Which of the following is a risk factor for ovarian cancer?
 Definition
Obesity.
Term
Which of the following statements is true about menopause?
 Definition
During menopause, the ovaries no longer ripen egg cells or produce estrogen and progesterone.
Term
The absence of menstruation is called ________.
 Definition
Amenorrhea.
Term
The inner layer of the vaginal wall is called the ______.
 Definition
Vaginal mucosa.
Term
The second most commonly performed operation on women in the United States is the ________.
 Definition
Hysterectomy.
Term
Which of the following statements is true about ovulation?
 Definition
A woman's basal body temperature drops slightly at ovulation. and Cramping during ovulation is called mittelschmerz.
Term
Cavernous structures that extend downward along the sides of the clitoris and swell during sexual arousal are the _______.
 Definition
Vestibular bulbs.
Term
A term for the external sexual structures of the female is the _______.
 Definition
Vulva and mons veneris.
Term
Which of the following seems to lower the risk of ovarian cancer?
 Definition
Breast feeding, low-fat diet, use of aspirin, all of the above.
Term
Cholesterol levels tend to fluctuate in menopausal women. Which levels are known to increase and decrease?
 Definition
LDL increase, HDL decreases
Term
Which of the following is another term for the vaginal opening?
 Definition
Introitus.
Term
A pelvic examination typically includes ______.
 Definition
All of the above.
Term
Which of the following is NOT true about cervical cancer?
 Definition
Cervical cancer occurs more commonly among women who do not smoke.
Term
The middle layer of the uterus is ____.
 Definition
muscular.
Term
Vaginal dryness can be treated with _____.
 Definition
FSH
Term
The pituitary gland is responsible for ____.
 Definition
The regulation of endocrine glands
Term
Women with PMS and PMDD show greater increase of appetite during.
 Definition
Luteal phase.
Term
Which of the following is NOT a part of the fallopian tubes?
 Definition
Ova,
Term
The menstural phase occurs when ______ and _____ levels decline to the point where they can no longer sustain the uterine lining.
 Definition
Estrogen; progesterone.
Term
Approximately how many sperms are produced per second in a male?
 Definition
1,000
Term
The external male sex organs include the?
 Definition
Scrotum and penis.
Term
The same embryonic tissue that becomes the labia majora of the female becomes the _____ in the male.
 Definition
Scrotum.
Term
Prostatitis is the inflammation of the prostate.
 Definition
Prostatits.
Term
Testosterone is secreted by _____.
 Definition
Leydig's cells.
Term
When an erection persists for hours or days, this is called _______.
 Definition
Priapism.
Term
Which statement about testicular cancer is true?
 Definition
When diagnosed early, esticular cancer has a favorable prognosis.
Term
The ejaculate empties into the bladder in _____.
 Definition
Retrograde ejaculation.
Term
Which statement is true about erection?
 Definition
An erection is a reflex of the authonomic nervous system.
Term
The temperature for sperm production is kepy ideal with the help of the ______
 Definition
cremaster muscle and dartos muscle.
Term
Testicular cancer is ______
 Definition
rare
Term
Which of the following statements is true about ejaculation?
 Definition
Ejaculation is a spinal reflex.
Term
Enlargement of the prostate due to hormonal changes of aging is known as
 Definition
benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Term
Leglike structures that attach the penis to the pelvic bone are called the
 Definition
cruca
Term
The circumcision rate is ______ in the US
 Definition
declining
Term
Scrotal temperature averages around _____ degrees.
 Definition
93.6 (check lecture)
Term
Which center(s) in the spinal cord regulate ejaculation?
 Definition
Sacral region and higher lumbar region.
Term
Which of the following does NOT contribute fluid to semen?
 Definition
Epididymis.
Term
Testes secreting sex hormones and producing mature germ cells is ______ to the functions of the ovaries.
 Definition
Analogus.
Term
Circumcision is more common in which of the following areas?
 Definition
Islamic countries and isreal.
Term
How are the testicles raised and lowered in response to temperature?
 Definition
Cremaster muscle.
Term
The first stage of ejaculation is called the ______.
 Definition
Emission stage.
Term
Cowper's glands are also known as the _______ glands.
 Definition
Bulbourethral.
Term
Spermatogenesis refers to the process in which ________.
 Definition
Sperm cells are produced and developed.
Term
About how many sperm do the testes manufacture per year?
 Definition
30 billion.
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