Term
| what is the nerual stimulation for GI secretion-2 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the chemical stimulaiton for GI secretion-2 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is nutrient stimulation for GI secretion |
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Definition
| epitheial cells of GI tract |
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Term
| GI function is regulated locally by-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| GI system is the largest _ organ in body |
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Definition
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Term
| GI hormone are found in what other part of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| the autnomic system regulates what-3 |
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Definition
local reflexes
large movements
digesiton initiation |
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|
Term
| what are the 3 gastric phases? |
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Definition
cephalic
gastric
intestinal |
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Term
where does majority of the gastric secretion occur (phase)?
what about 30% |
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Definition
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Term
the cephalic phase involves what 2 organs?
what part of the automonic systme is involved? |
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Definition
vagus, stomach
parasympathetic-> pepsin and HCL |
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Term
| the gastric phase of secretion involves what 3 things? |
|
Definition
localc secretory reflexes
vagal reflexes
gastrin-histamine stimulation |
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Term
| the intestinal phase of secretion invovles -2 |
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Definition
nervous mechanisms
hormonal mechaisms |
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Term
| what is endocrine signaling? |
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Definition
| peptide/hormone released into blood and reaches target thru circulation |
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Term
| what is paracrine signaling |
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Definition
| the target cell of homrone is near the releasing cell |
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Term
| what is autocrine signaling! |
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Definition
| cell secretes hormones and then binds to recptor on same cell |
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Term
| what is neurocrine signaling |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| G cells are located where? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is stimuli for gastrin release |
|
Definition
| ingestion of meal: distention of stomach, proteins, gastrin rleasing peptide from gastric mucosa during vagal stimulaiton |
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Term
| what are 3 primary fucntions of gastrin |
|
Definition
HCL production
growth of gastric mucosa
stomach motility |
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|
Term
where is cholecystokinin produced?
by what cells |
|
Definition
jejunum; duodenum
I/enteroendocrine |
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|
Term
| what stimulates cholecystokinin |
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Definition
| digestive products: fat, fatty acids, monoglycerides |
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|
Term
gastrin works on CKK-_ cells
cholcystokinin on _? where are they loctaed?r bile
inhibit sotmach contraction
inhibits appetite |
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Definition
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Term
| cholecystokinin stimulates this organ to release enzymes |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
contracts gall baldder
relax heaptpancrease sphincte for bile
inhibit stomach conraction
inhbit appetite to prevent overeatin |
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|
Term
what cells release secretin
what sitmulates this release? |
|
Definition
enterochromaffin ( S cells)
acidity in duodenum |
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|
Term
| what does secretin release do? -3 |
|
Definition
pepsin secretion
pancreatic bicarb rpoduction
billary bicarb production |
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|
Term
| what does secretin inhibit? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what stimulates the release of Gastric inhbitory peptide-3 |
|
Definition
fatty acidds and amino acids increasing
increased carbohydrated |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of Gastric inhibting peptide?ntsd |
|
Definition
| inhbit stomach motility/secretions to slow emptying of gastric conte |
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|
Term
| at low levels what does gastric inhibitory peptide do? |
|
Definition
| stimualte insulin release |
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|
Term
| where is motilin produced? when is it produced? |
|
Definition
stomach and upper duodenum
fasting |
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|
Term
what hromone stimulates GI motility?
what are these waves of motility calledd?how often do they occur? |
|
Definition
motilin
interdigestive myoelctic complexes
every 90 minutes |
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|
Term
| what hromone is released cyclicly? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the vasoactive intenstinal polypeptide is secreted by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what GI hromone is a neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
| VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intestine vasodilation
relax smooth muscles
decrease HCL
increase intestine secretion |
|
|
Term
| what hormone can also stimulate growth hormone secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is ghrelin synthesized? -3 |
|
Definition
| hypothalmus, pituitary, stomach |
|
|
Term
| what hromone increasses appetite? what does it act on to do this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
when are blood ghrelin levels low?
when are they high>? |
|
Definition
after eating
obese ppl
anorexia ppl |
|
|
Term
| what hormone is the target for anti-obesity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the prader-willi syndrome |
|
Definition
genetic extreme obesity
ghrelin is extremely high in this type of obese ppl |
|
|
Term
what hormone functions to cause satiety?
where does it work at? -2 |
|
Definition
glucagon like peptide 1
pancrease, brain |
|
|
Term
| the systme of nerves in the gut is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the sensory neurons of the GI located? |
|
Definition
| submucus plexus of Meissner |
|
|
Term
| where are the motor neurons of the GI located? |
|
Definition
| myenteric plexus of auberbach |
|
|
Term
| what system regulates the enteric nervous sytem>? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ENS pearls:
does it act subconcious or at concious level?
can it rival CNs with # of neruosn and complexity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ENS coordinates gut movements from _ cells and what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the msot common NT of the gut? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the amino acid NTs?2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the amino acid dervied NTs of the gut?-3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what purines are also NTs ofthe gut-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic system activates what NT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what receptor does ACh act on
what does this then do?-2 |
|
Definition
M3
stimulate secretion and increase smooth muscle tone/motility |
|
|
Term
| what drugs decrease vagal tone thru ADEs-3 |
|
Definition
antihistamine
TCAs
neuroleptics |
|
|
Term
| drugs that increase vagal tone (bowel contractions) and their MOA? |
|
Definition
bethanechol-M3 agonst
neostigmine-aceytylcholineterase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| the sympethic system activates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what does NE do to the GI thru the alpha 1 recpt-2
what about thru other recpotrs-2 |
|
Definition
vasocontriciton
contraction of sphincter
relax intestine muscles, inhibit ACh |
|
|
Term
what does NE do when bound to presynaptic a2 recpotrs?
what is this synpase called? |
|
Definition
blocks ACh release thru decreasing cAMP;
axo-axonic |
|
|
Term
what NT does serotonin increase?
what recptor does it do this thru? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the prokinetic 5-HT4 recptgor agonists-3 |
|
Definition
tegaserod
metoclopramide
cisapride |
|
|
Term
| excitaiton of the 5 HT 3 recptor results in-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is the 5 HT3 antagonist
what does this do? |
|
Definition
ondanestrone
antiemetic, analgesic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enteric neurons thru NO synthase |
|
|
Term
NO reduces what NT
what is the end result? |
|
Definition
ACh
relaxes intestine smooth muscles |
|
|
Term
histamien from ECL cells acts on pariatel cells thru what recpotr?
what is the end result? |
|
Definition
H2
stimualte acid secretion |
|
|
Term
somatostain works on recptors that inhbit-
what is the ened result? |
|
Definition
adenyl cyclase
inhibit secreiton of GI hormones including VIP |
|
|
Term
| which hromone can control GI bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| study the table w\that jules was talking about |
|
Definition
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