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Exam 1
Lecture 1
38
Anthropology
5th Grade
09/08/2013

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Term
parts of the digestive tract-5
Definition
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines
Term
acessory organs to GI tract-5
Definition
teeth, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gall bladder
Term
what organ breaks down carbs?
how?
Definition
salivary glands
water + hemolase
Term
purpose of the pahrynx
Definition
muscular contractions to push food to esphagus
Term
purpose of the esophagus
Definition
transport food to stomach
Term
exocrine pancreas does-
the endocrine does-
Definition
mkae bicarb to neutralize stomach acid
insulin, glucaphage, somatostatin
Term
purpose of small intestine
why is it good at this?
Definition
aborsption
has a lot of capillaries
Term
where does most decomtamination take place?
Definition
stomach
Term
purpose of the large intestine-2
Definition
dehydraiton
compaciton
Term
what are the projecitons on plica called
what is its purpose
Definition
villi
absorption
Term
what is the purpose of plica
Definition
to slow down movement of food for more absorption
Term
if muscles are segmenetted what type of muscle are they?
what part of the GI has this?
Definition
circular
large intestine
Term
what two muscle types are invovled in the GI and how do they work
Definition
longitudinal- elongate
circular- then contract to force food thru
Term
what anatomy part contaisn all of the GI
Definition
peritoneum
Term
what is the body's first line of defense against infection
Definition
tonsil
Term
salivary glands are controlled by?
what does that mean?
Definition
autonomic nervous sytem
no control over it
Term
if the parasympathetic system activates the salivary glands what is the saliva like that is produced?
what about if symapthetic?
Definition
large amounts of diluted and watery
small volume, very conc of enzymes-> dry mouth
Term
pH of stomach
Definition
< 2
Term
where is food stored in the stomach?
Definition
fundus
Term
what is the area fo the stomach called where food is moved to become more soluble
Definition
lower pylorus
Term
where is acid produced?
Definition
gastric pit
Term
what is produced to protect lining of stomach from acid?
what cells make it? and where at?
what occurs if there isnt enough prodcued?
Definition
mucus
Mucous cells; gastric pit
ulcer
Term
what cells produce HCL?
what do they also produce?
Definition
parietal cells
intrinsic factor
Term
what cells secrete pepsinogen?
Definition
chief cells
Term
which cells produce hormones?
what are examples?
Definition
enteroendocrine
G cells, alpha cells, D cells
Term
what do G cells produce?
Definition
gastrin
Term
what do D cells produce?
what about A cells?
Definition
somatostatin
glucogon
Term
what is secreted by gastric glands for fat digestion
Definition
lipase
Term
what enzyme is needed for acid secretion
-what exchange does it invovle?
Definition
carbonic anyhdrase
HCL/Bicarb
Term
what is function of hydrochloric acid?-4
Definition
lowers pH
kills microrganisms
breaks down connective tissue in food
activates chief cells
Term
what two thigns inhibit acid secretion
Definition
somtatostatin
prostaglandins (PGE2)
Term
gastrin activates what cells
what do these then release
and what does this stimulate?
Definition
ECL (enterochromaffin)
histmaine
parietal cells to produce HCL
Term
where does most of the digesiotn and absoprtion of the small intestine take place?
Definition
jejun
Term
where are nutrients and B12 absorbed int he small intestine?
Definition
illeum
Term
what is the vestigeal organ of the GI tract?
Definition
appendix
Term
can the large intestine absorb any nutrients?
Definition
yes, it has some cappilaries too!
Term
how long does it take food to reach cecum?
and then to reach the rectum?
so what part ofthe GI takes longesT?
Definition
4-9 hours
12-25 hrs
large intestine
Term
how muhc chyme enters large intestine per day
how muhc water is loss in feces?
Definition
500-1500 mL
200 mL (hence shows it does a lot of absrobing water)
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