Term
| What are the two inheritance theories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Weiner inheritance theory? |
|
Definition
| one gene, one product containing separately recognizable factors |
|
|
Term
| What is the Fisher-Race inheritance theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major alleles? |
|
Definition
| two closely related genes on chromosome 1, one gene for +/- D, one for C/c/E/e polypeptides |
|
|
Term
| What are the major antigens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is weak D expression? |
|
Definition
| Complete D antigen that is fewer in number than D positive, does not make anti-D antibody |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allele carrying RhD is trans (opposite halotype) to the allele carrying C (Dce/dCe), intereferes with the expression of D antigen which is not present when C is inherited trans (DCe/dce), causes weak D, can receive D positive blood |
|
|
Term
| What are the four common compound Rh antigens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single amino acid change on Rh e protein, dosage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confromational changes on Rhce protein, c and e on same halotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person is e+ but has an anti-e, due to multiple mutations in the Rhce gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| D+ C+ Rbcs due to a serine on RhD, RhCe+RhCE protein, reacts like a combination of anti-D and anti-C |
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is positive when tested with Cw? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is positive when tested with F? |
|
Definition
| anti-c and anti-e positive |
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is positive when tested with G? |
|
Definition
| Anti-D and anti-C positive |
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is positive when tested with E variant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mutation in RhAG gene resulting in no Rh phenotype
mutation on each EHEC gene and deletion of RhD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partial suppression of Rh gene |
|
|
Term
| Significant characteristics of Rh antibodies |
|
Definition
| most are IgG, produced following exposure, highly immunogenic, isotype switching --> IgM, can cause HDN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D- use patient cells and add Anti-D, look for agglutination
C/c and E/e- add antisera specific to each to patient cells, look for agglutination |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common genotype? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do Rh antigens reside? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between ABO ab and RhAb |
|
Definition
| RhAb are produced following exposure to foreign RBCs, ABOAb are naturally occurring |
|
|
Term
| Weakened expression of all Rh antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common halotype for blacks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common halotype for whites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not just a specific red blood cell antigen but also a complex blood group system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Current thought on Genetic Pathways |
|
Definition
two closely linked genes on Ch.1, one gene for +/- D, second for C/c and E/e
one gene on Ch.6 to form Rh associated glycoprotein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) genetic weak D- D antigen is complete just fewer in number, does not make anti-D
(2) C trans-positional gene interaction R0/r', does not make anti-D
(3) partial D- one or more epitopes within D protein are missing, will make anti-D |
|
|
Term
| Advantage of saline IgM for Rh typing |
|
Definition
| decreased protein base and can test IgG coated RBCs |
|
|
Term
| Disadvantage of saline IgM for Rh typing |
|
Definition
| : limited availability, high cost, lengthy incubation time, can not test wD |
|
|
Term
| Advantage of increased protein for Rh typing |
|
Definition
| Decreased incubation time, used for wD testing |
|
|
Term
| Disadvantage of increased protein for Rh typing |
|
Definition
| Increased risk of false positive (use RhC) |
|
|
Term
| Advantage of chemically modified for Rh typing |
|
Definition
| RhC not routinely indicated |
|
|
Term
| Disadvantage of monoclonal for Rh typing |
|
Definition
| Has narrow specificity unless >1cell line blended |
|
|
Term
| Tech issues that could cause false positives (3) |
|
Definition
| heavy cell suspension, incorrect reagent, incorrect incubation |
|
|
Term
| Tech issues that could cause false negative (4) |
|
Definition
| failure to follow directions, failure to add reagent, shake too hard, incorrect reagent |
|
|
Term
| Unforeseen issues that could cause false positives (6) |
|
Definition
| cold ab, rouleux, fibrin, low frequency ab, polyagglutination, bacterial contamination |
|
|
Term
| unforeseen issues that could cause false negatives (4) |
|
Definition
| IgG coat, variant antigen, reagent deterioration, saline suspended cells |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of transfusion reactions |
|
Definition
| Fever, ↑ Bilirubin, ↓ Hemoglobin, ↓ Haptoglobin |
|
|
Term
| Testing for transfusion reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Future considerations for a transfusion reaction |
|
Definition
Transfuse antigen negative RBCs
Increased likelihood of making additional antibodies if stimulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fetal anemia, enlarged spleen/liver, cardiac failure |
|
|
Term
| future considerations of HDN |
|
Definition
| Intrauterine exchange transfusions |
|
|
Term
| transfusion units for RhNull people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the current proposed genetic pathway of the Rh system? |
|
Definition
| two chromosomes, three genes |
|
|
Term
| Cells carrying a weak-D antigen require the use of what test to demonstrate its presence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Rh antigens inherited? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rh antibodies are primarily of which immunoglobulin class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-LW will not react with which of the following? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Rh phenotype has the strongest expression of D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An individual has the following Rh phenotype: D+C+E+c+e+. Using Fisher-Race terminology, what is their most likely Rh genotype? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Rh testing on a blood donor was negative at immediate spin. The tube was incubated at 37°C for 15 minutes. The tube was centrifuged and read macroscopically. The test was negative at 37°C. The tube was washed three times with saline and two drops of AHG were added. After centrifugation, the tube yielded a 2+ reaction. How is this Rh type reported on the donor unit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chose the option that indicates the correct order of immunogenicity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The parents are R1r" and R2r. Select the genotypes of their offspring: |
|
Definition
| DCe/dce, DCe/DcE, or DcE/dcE |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of a blood group system? |
|
Definition
| a group of antigens produced by alleles at a single gene locus |
|
|
Term
| The phenotype of an individual is Group O Rho(D)-negative. The serum is normally expected to contain: |
|
Definition
| Antibodies to the ABO system |
|
|
Term
| Why is determination of Rh status crucial for obstetric patients? |
|
Definition
| All Rh negative mothers are possible candidates for Rh immune globulin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
