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| Definition and goal of psychology |
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Definition
Psychology- scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Goal- Seek to describe, explain, predict, and control the events it studies. |
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| Theory and characteristics of theories. |
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Theory-explanation based on observation, experimentation and reasoning, been tested and confirmed as a general principle. describe explain, predict and/ or control natural phenomena.
Char. of Theries- Experiments that have been tested and confirmed at all levels. |
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| is done because the researcher is interested in the research topic. Has no immediate or personal connections to the problem. |
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| find solutions to specific personal or social problems. |
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| Characteristics of critical thinking |
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Definition
be skeptical
do not oversimplify
do not overgeneralize
examine the assumptions and premises of argument |
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| An approach to acquiring or confirming knowledge that is based on gathering measurable evidence through observation and experimentation. evidence is often obtained to test hypotheses. |
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| within the science of psychology, a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research |
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| it is the process by which scientists collectively and over time endearor to construct an accurate representation of the world. |
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| random and stratified sampling |
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Definition
random- everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected to participate.
Stratified- identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionately in the sample. |
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| biography that may be obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and phychological tests. |
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scientific method that seeks to confirm cause and effect relationships by introducing independent variables and observing their effect on dependent variables.
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Term
| Divisions of nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| Divisions of Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
Somatic- connects the central system with sensory receptors, skeletal muscles, and surface of the body
Autonomic- regulates glands and activites such as hearbeat, respiration, digestion, dialation of pupils |
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| Divisions of Autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
Sympathetic- most active during emotional responses, such as fear and anxiety, spend body energy
Parasympathetic- most active during processes such as digestion, restore body energy |
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| Divisions of Central nervous system |
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Definition
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| column of nerves within the spine that transmits messages from sensory receptors to the brain and from the brain to muscles and glands |
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| response to stimulus that may involve only two neurons |
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| transmits a neural impulse from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron |
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Definition
| in the spianl cord the grayish neurons and neural segments that are involved in spinal reflexes |
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Definition
| in the spinal cord, axon bundles that carry messages from and to the brain |
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Term
| Milgram's study and findings |
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Definition
Seeing how many people would resist immoral requests made by authority figures. (Teacher and learner shocking)
Finding- people will torture an innocent person, just because they are ordered to do so. |
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Term
| Fuction and parts of a neuron |
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Definition
Function- specialised cell of the nervous system that transmits messages
Parts- Glia, Dendrites, Axon, Myelin, Afferent neurons, Efferent neurons |
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Definition
| cells that nouish neurons, remove waste products from the nervous system, and help synchronize the messages sent by neurons |
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| Rootlike structures, attached to the cell body of a neuron, that receive impulses from other neurons |
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| A long, thin part of a neuron that transmits impulses to other neurons, an organ, or muscle from branching structures called terminal buttons |
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| A fatty substance that encases and insulates axons, facilitating transmission of neural impluses. |
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| Neurons that transmit messages from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain; also called sensory neurons. |
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| neurons that transmit messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands; also called motor neurons. |
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| Ach, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Serotonin, Endorphins |
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| controls muscle contractions... causes paralysis, memory formation in hippocampus is imparied |
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| involved at the level of the brain and affects voluntary movements, learning and memory, and emotional arousal... linked to Parkinson's disease |
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| speeds up heartbeat and other body processes and is involved in general arousal.... Linked to depression |
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| emotional arousal and sleep... eating disorders, anxiety and insomnia |
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Definition
| inhibit pain by locking pain causing chemicals out of their receptor sites |
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| Lobes of brain... location and function |
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Definition
Frontal lobe- front.. reasoning, planning, speech
Parietal lobe-top of back... sensations from body
Temperal Lobe- side... language, memory, smelling
Occipital lobe-bottom back... visual information |
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| Pons... fuction and location |
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Definition
a structure of the hindbrain involved in breathing, attention, sleep, and dreams..
Located in front of the medulla |
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| Medulla... location and function |
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Definition
| behind pons.. involved in regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, circulation |
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| cerebellum... location and function |
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Definition
| very bottom back of the brain... essential to balance and coordination |
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Term
| corpus callosm.. location and function |
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Definition
| under cerebrum... thick bundle of axons that serves as a bridge between the two cerebral hemispheres |
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| cerebral cortex... location and fuction |
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Definition
| wrinkled matter of the bran.. executive center |
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Definition
Area- temperal lobe
comprehension of spoken words |
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Area- Frontal
speach production |
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| Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, testes, and ovaries |
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| secretes hormones and stimulate secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland; involved in basic drives such as hunger, sex and aggresion |
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Definition
| secretes hormones that regulate many body functions including secretion of hormones from other glands' sometimesreferred to as the master gland |
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| in the neck.. how fast the body uses energy |
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| produce sperm and testosterone |
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| carrys genes and transmit hereditary traits from generation to generation |
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| change through time, decent with modificaiton |
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| adaption and natural selection are connected with mental processes/behavior |
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| nervous system to receive and react to environment |
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| interpretation/ orgainization of sensory information |
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| light must first be detected |
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| occipital lobe.. photoreceptors |
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rods- sensative to the intensity of light
cones- transmit sensation of color |
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| light is measured in wavelength... also a color/hue visual spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
Cornea- white part of eye
iris- colored part of eye
pupil- blakish opening in center of iris
lens- behind the iris.. (focuses)
retina- inner surface of the eye.. (photoreceptors)
optic nerve- transmit sensory information from eye to brain |
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| persistent sensations of color are followed by perception of the complementary color when the first color is removed |
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Trichomatic- can see all of the colors
Dichromatic- sensitivity to two colors
Monochromatic- black and white only |
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| organize stimuli into meaningful patterns or wholes |
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| Gestalts orgainizing principles/ laws |
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Definition
Proximity- distance
Similarity- group objects together
Continuity- percieve a series of points and lines.
Closure- percieving as a complete whole. |
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