Term
| 26. What regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
| The hypothalamus (neurohormones) |
|
|
Term
| 27. What are the 2 functional portions of the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
| Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary * nervous system) and adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary *endocrine system) |
|
|
Term
| 28. What are the subdivisions of the anterior pituitary? |
|
Definition
| pars distalis, pars intermedius, pars tuberalis |
|
|
Term
| 29. Which part of the pituitary has direct connections with neurons of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) |
|
|
Term
| 30. Where does the hypothalamo hypophysial portal system (vascular and capillary network) carry hormones to? |
|
Definition
| from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| 31. What regulates hormone secretions by the anterior pituitary? |
|
Definition
| neurohormones of the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| 32. What is the function of the hypothalamo hypophysial tract? |
|
Definition
| carry action potentials to the posterior pituitary causing the release of oxytocin and ADH |
|
|
Term
| 33. What is the action of releasing hormones? |
|
Definition
| increase anterior pituitary secretion |
|
|
Term
| 34. Which hormones are released by action potentials from hypothalamic neurosecretory cells? |
|
Definition
| Hormones of the posterior pituitary (ADH and Oxytocin) |
|
|
Term
| 35. What does ADH do in high concentrations to blood vessels and what is the other name it is known by? |
|
Definition
| Constricts blood vessels; vasopressin (increases blood pressure) |
|
|
Term
| 36. What hormone is secreted in response to increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 37. Which hormone is sometimes given to woman to induce labor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 38. Which hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 39. If fluid intake increases dramatically over short time frame which hormone is secreted? |
|
Definition
| ANH increases (ADH decreases) |
|
|
Term
| 40. When does ADH secretion increase? |
|
Definition
| Blood volume decreases and blood pressure decreases (increase in blood osmolality) |
|
|
Term
| 41. What receptors send increased osmolality in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 42. Which hormone is secreted when a mother is nursing a baby? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 43. Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary? |
|
Definition
| FSH (all but ADH and Oxytocin) GH, TSH, ACTH, MSH, LH, FSH, prolactin |
|
|
Term
| 44. Where is TSH synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 45. Which gland sits on the sella turcica (turkish saddle)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 46. Which hormone increases amino acids uptake in cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 47. What would inhibit the secretion of growth hormone? |
|
Definition
| Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) |
|
|
Term
| 48. What would happen to a child if growth hormones secretion is deficient? |
|
Definition
| Probably experience reduced bone growth; dwarfism |
|
|
Term
| 49. What hormone promotes break down of fatty acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 50. What hormone stimulates development of follicles in the ovary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 51. What hormone is secreted if you were to run a long distance ways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 52. What hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 53. What hormone stimulates the synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 54. What hormone regulates the release FSH and LH? |
|
Definition
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) |
|
|
Term
| 55. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are involved in the secretion of which hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 56. The hyposecretion of which hormone cause decreased metabolic rate, weight gain, and sensitivity to change in heat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 57. Where is the thyroid hormone stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 58. Which ion is necessary for thyroid hormone production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 59. T3 and T4 are stored in the lumen of the thyroid follicles, which molecule are they part of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 60.How are T3 and T4 found in the blood and in what condition (what?)? |
|
Definition
| found bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) or found free |
|
|
Term
| 61. What results in increased body temperature during winter? |
|
Definition
| increased thyroid hormone levels (t4- thyroxine) |
|
|
Term
| 62. What organ is the target tissue for parathyroid hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 63. When does the secretion of parathyroid hormone increase? |
|
Definition
| serum calcium levels decrease |
|
|
Term
| 64. What does PTH do to the blood phosphate levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 65. If you have hypocalcaemia, what would that do to your cardiac rhythm? |
|
Definition
| cardiac arrhythmias occur |
|
|
Term
| 66. What would happen if a patient’s parathyroid gland were accidentally removed during surgery? |
|
Definition
| blood calcium levels decrease |
|
|
Term
| 67. What are the glands that are located superior to the kidneys? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 68. What hormones are secreted in the adrenal medulla? |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| 69. What hormones are secreted in the adrenal cortex? |
|
Definition
| Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens |
|
|
Term
| 70. What would the result of injection of epinephrine? |
|
Definition
| increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, decrease gastric tract motility. |
|
|
Term
| 71. Where does the primary stimulus for the release of adrenal medullary hormones come from? |
|
Definition
| The sympathetic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| 72. What hormones are secreted from the zona glomerulosa ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 73. What hormone is secreted zona fasciculate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 74. Which hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 75. What decreases glucocorticoid secretion by the adrenal cortex? |
|
Definition
| increased plasma levels of cortisol |
|
|
Term
| 76. Hyposecretion of which hormones leads to depression of the immune response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 77. What is the function of insulin? |
|
Definition
| increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues |
|
|
Term
| 78. What happens to insulin secretion when blood sugar levels decrease? |
|
Definition
| insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases |
|
|
Term
| 79. What happens when insulin levels are low? |
|
Definition
| the person is intensely hungry |
|
|
Term
| 80. When does a person feel intensely hungry? |
|
Definition
| When insulin levels are low |
|
|
Term
| 81. Glucagon primarily influences which cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 82.If a person IDDM forgets to take their insulin, what will happen? |
|
Definition
| hyperglycemia & insulin shock |
|
|
Term
| 83. When does insulin shock occur? What happens? |
|
Definition
| when too much or too little after a meal; a rapid fall in the blood sugar level |
|
|
Term
| 84. What is the secretion of the pineal body? |
|
Definition
| may inhibit reproductive functions (regulates sleep-wake cycle though melatonin) |
|
|
Term
| 85. What factor regulates the secretion of melatonin? |
|
Definition
| the photoperiod (the daily amount of daylight) *p |
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