Term
| which cause more disease- arteries or veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 ways that vascular disease occur |
|
Definition
1) obstruction of vessel (stenosis or complete)
2)weakening of vessel walls |
|
|
Term
| obstruction of the blood vessel happening slowly can be shown as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| obstruction of the blood vessel happening fast can be shown as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whcih have thicker walls- veins or arteries? why? |
|
Definition
| artereis- withstand higher BP and pulsatile flow |
|
|
Term
| as arteries become smaller- what happens to ratio of wall thickness to lumen diamter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3 basic components of blood vessel wall are?
the 3 layers are? |
|
Definition
smooth muscle, enothelial, ECM
intima, media, adventia |
|
|
Term
| in normal arteries the intima has a lot of _ but not a lot of? |
|
Definition
endotehial cells
subendotheial connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| what seperates the intima from the media? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the smooth muscle cells in media get nutrients and oxygen? |
|
Definition
| diffusion of lumen thru fenestra in the internal elsatic membrane |
|
|
Term
| vaso vasorum is what? why is this needed? |
|
Definition
small arterioles nourish large arteries- 1/2 to 2/3 of outer media;
the diffusion of lamina not enough to noursih the outside media in larger arteries |
|
|
Term
| the outer limit of media is defined from advetnia by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the adventia consist of- 3 |
|
Definition
| connective tissue, nerves, vaso vasorum |
|
|
Term
what are the elastic arteries? -2
what is another name for them? |
|
Definition
aorta branches- subclavian, innominate, carotid, iliac
-pulmonary artery;
large |
|
|
Term
what are the muscular arteries?
what is another name for them? |
|
Definition
aorta branches- coronary and renal
medium sized |
|
|
Term
| the structural variations in the arterial ssytem happen in the - 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large arteries (elastic) expand during- systolic or diastolic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in musclualr arteries what regulates the BP? |
|
Definition
| changes in the lumen- constriciotn or dilation |
|
|
Term
what are the principal points of physiologic resistance to blood flow?
why? |
|
Definition
arterioles
resistance to flow is inverse to 4th power of diameter |
|
|
Term
| if change lumen diameter in arteriole by half- what does this do to resistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the circulatory system doesnt have media but does have endothelial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
capillaries have large/small cross section?
what does this do to flow rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tissue has the highest density of capillaries |
|
Definition
| metabolic active- like myocardium |
|
|
Term
| in inflammation, vascualr and leukocyte leakage occurs mainly in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
arteries vs veins
-these have smaller diamter
-these have thinner walls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
arteries vs veins
which are more likely susceptible to tumors and inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what helps disease disementaion by trnasporting bacteria or tumors to other parts of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypertension affects what kind of vessels? |
|
Definition
| small muscular and arterioles |
|
|
Term
| astherosclerosis affects what types of vessels |
|
Definition
| large elastic and muscualr |
|
|
Term
| this is the remodeling of CURRENT arteries bc of BP changes, etc. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is process of making new vessels in a MATRUE organism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the formaiton of new vessels in an EMBRYO |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the primary form of growth factr for vasculogenesis |
|
Definition
| VEGF- vascular endothelial growth factor |
|
|
Term
| weakening of the vascular cell wall can lead to- 3 |
|
Definition
astherolsceros
vasculitis
congenital |
|
|
Term
systemic HTN is problem witht he veins ro arteries?
this will affect what ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capillaries are the same size as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
are junctions tight or loose in the cpaillaries?
what happne sif increase BP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if need to increase BP- where do you push blood from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is the antibody for von willebrand vactor that can identify endothelial cells?
what is another factor that can ID these cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the interednotheial junctions are normally-?
but this can change due to- 2 |
|
Definition
impermeable
hemodynamic- or vasoactive (histamine/inflamm) |
|
|
Term
| what are the anticoag/fibrinolytic endothial compounds? -4 |
|
Definition
prostacyclin (prostaglandins)
thrombomodulin
heparin
plasminogen activoator |
|
|
Term
| what are the prothrombotic endothial compounds? -3 |
|
Definition
Von willebrand
tissue factor
plasminogen activator inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| ECM vasoconstricotr compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ECM vasodilator compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the growth inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
where do endothelial cells have fenestras?
which is impermeable? |
|
Definition
liver
kidney
nerve/perivascular cells |
|
|
Term
| what endotheial activation inducers cause shock and inflammation-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what endotheial activaiton inducers cause astherscelerosis -2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what endothelial activation inducers are important DM type 2- 1 |
|
Definition
| endy glycosoyltaiton products |
|
|
Term
| normal ednothelian fucntion is characterized by blance btwn secretion of what 2 factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| endotheial dysfunction is pheno or genotype dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
rapid endotheial dysfunction is indepednent of _ synthesis?
example? |
|
Definition
protein
histamine (other vasoactives) |
|
|
Term
| what disease affects the smooth msucle cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cells are repsonsible for vasoconstriciotn or dilation due to stimuli? |
|
Definition
| smooth msucle cells- media |
|
|
Term
| if smooth muscle cells are proliferating what does this mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can smooth msucle cells secrete? -3 |
|
Definition
| ECM, growth factors, cytokines |
|
|
Term
what induces proliferation of smooth muscle cells?
what inhibits? -3 |
|
Definition
-endotehlin,thrombin IFN, IL-1, growth factors
TGF-beta, NO, herpain |
|
|
Term
vascular injury results in formation of?
so this means? |
|
Definition
neointima
it thickens the intima |
|
|
Term
| what causes neointimal response? |
|
Definition
| any damage to endothelium/dysfunction regarldess of cause |
|
|
Term
which type of smooth mucle cells can contract?
which can divide? |
|
Definition
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|
