Term
| Type of bacteria that lives in harsh conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells of animals, plants, fungi, and protist |
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Definition
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Term
| Contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize the cytoplasm and perform specific functions. |
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Definition
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Term
| No nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Contain double-membrane bound nucleus with DNA chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spherical, cubical, and cylindrical |
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Term
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Definition
| cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane...DNA chromosome(s), ribosomes(synthesized protiens), metaboic capabilities. |
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Term
| 1st Characteristic of Life |
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Definition
| Reproduction and heredity-genome composed of DNA packed in chromosomes; produce offspring sexually or asexually. |
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Term
| 2nd characteristic of life |
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Definition
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Term
| 3rd characteristic of life |
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Definition
| Metabolism-chemical and physical life processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement and/or irritability-respond to internal/external stimuli; self-propulsion of many organisms. |
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Term
| 5th characteristic of life |
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Definition
| cell support, protection, and storage mechanisms - cell walls, vacuoles, granules and inclusions |
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Term
| 6th characteristic of life |
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Definition
| Transport of nutrients and waste |
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Term
| Cellular structure and function is amazingly versatile and adaptable |
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Definition
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Term
| Appendages, flagella, Pili, Fimbriae, Glycocalyx-capsule, slime layer |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cell (external) |
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Term
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cell (cell envelope) |
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Term
| cytoplasmic matrix, ribosomes, inclusions(stored material), nucleoid/chromosome(DNA), actin cytoskeleton, endospore (has crust coating and is entirely different metabolic state) |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic cell (Internal) |
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Term
| Because of their small size prokaryotic cells... |
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Definition
| appear featureless and two dimensional when viewed with an ordinary microscope. |
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Term
| category of prokaryotes with pepidoglycan in their cell walls |
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Definition
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Term
| organizing, classifing, and naming living things is called |
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Definition
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Term
| orderly arrangement of organisms into groups is called |
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Definition
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Term
| assigning names is called |
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Definition
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Term
| determining and recording traits of organisms for placement into taxonomic schemes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Levels of Classification...1,2,3 |
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Definition
1. Domain (Archaea, Bacteria, & Eukarya)
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum or Division |
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Term
| Levels of Classification 4,5,6 |
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Definition
4. class
5. order
6. family |
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Term
| Levels of classification 7,8 |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyanobactera, Chlamydias Spirochetes, Gram-positive bacteria, Endospore producers, Gram-negative bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Binomial (scientific) nomenclature |
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Definition
Geives each microbe 2 names:
Genus - which is captialized
species - which is lower case
Both of which are italicized or underlined |
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Term
| natural relatedness between groups of organisms is called |
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Definition
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Term
-All new species originate from preexisting species.
-Closely related organism have similar features because they evolved from common ancestral forms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Methane producers, Prokaryotes that live in extreme salt, Prokaryotes that live in extreme heat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| odd baceria that live extreme environments, high salt, heat, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Have a nucleus and organelles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Process by which chemical substances (nutrients) are acquired from the environment and used in cellular activites. |
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Definition
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Term
| Must be provided to an organism |
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Definition
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Term
These nutrients are required in large quantities; play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
* Proteins, carbbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
The nutrients are required in small amounts; involved in enzyme function and maintenance of pretein structure.
*Manganese, zinc, nickel |
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Definition
| Micronutrients or trace elements |
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Term
Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are usually the products of living things.
*Methane (CH4), carbohydrates, lipid, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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Definition
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Term
Atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than cargon and hydrogen (no carbon)
*Metals and their salts, gases, and water |
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Definition
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Term
70% water
Proteins
96% of cell is composed of these 6 elements:
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Definition
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Nitrogen
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Term
| Must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms such as proteins, carbohydrates, dipids, and nucleic acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Producers of an Eco-system |
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Definition
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Term
an organism that uses CO2 an inorganic gas as its carbon source.
*Not nutritionally dependent on other living things. |
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Definition
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Term
| Organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by an organism because they lack the genetic and metabolic mechanisms to synthesize them |
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Definition
| Essential Organic Nutrients |
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Term
| Growth factors must be provided as a nutrient such as... |
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Definition
| Essential amino acids and vitamins |
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Term
| Sources of Essential Nutrients |
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Definition
Carbon sources
(Heterotroph and Autotroph) |
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Term
| Main determinants of nutritional type are: |
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Definition
Carbon source-heteroph and autotroph
Energy source-chemotroph and phototrophs |
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Term
| gain energy from chemical compounds |
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Definition
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Term
| gain energy through photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Photoautotroph is an autotroph that gets its CO2 from what energy source |
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Definition
Sunlight
ex: organisms, such as algae, plants, cyanobacteria |
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Term
| Chemoautotroph is an autotroph that gets it CO2 from what energy source |
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Definition
Simple inorganic chemicals
ex: Only certain bacteria, such as methanogens, deep-sea vent bacteria |
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Term
| Chemoheterotroph is an Hetetotroph/Organic that get its energy source from |
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Definition
Metabolic conversion of the nutrients from other organisms
ex: Protozoa, fungi, many bacteria, animals |
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Term
| What is a Saprobe (Chemoheterotroph) energy source |
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Definition
Metabolizing the organic matter of dead organisms
ex: Fungi, bacteria (decomposers) |
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Term
| What is a Parasite (Chemoheterotroph) energy source |
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Definition
Utilizing he tissues, uids of a live host
ex: Various parasites and pathogens; can be bacteria, fungi, protozoa, animal. |
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Term
| A Photoheterotroph (Hetertroph/organic) that gets its energy from |
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Definition
Sunlight or organic matter
ex: Purple and green photosynthetic bacteria |
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Term
| Photoautotrophs survive by |
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Definition
Oxygenic photosynthesis and
Anoxygenic photosynthesis |
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Term
| Chemoautotrophs (lithoautotrophs) survive |
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Definition
| totally on inorganic substances |
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Term
| Methanogen is a kind of chemoautotroph that... |
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Definition
| produce methane gas under anaerobic conditions |
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Term
| Majority of Heterotrophs are chemohetertrophs which survive on... |
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Definition
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Term
Free-living microoorganisms that feed on organic detritus from dead organisms
*Opportunistic pathogen
*Facultative parasite
are called: |
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Definition
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Term
They derive nutrients from host
*Pathogens
*Some are obligate parasites |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of transport that does not require energy; substances exist in a gradient and move from areas of higher concentration toward areas of lower concentration: |
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Definition
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Term
| List types of passive transports: |
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Definition
| Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated diffusion |
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Term
| moves down concentration gradient |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Type of transport that requires energy and carrier proteins: gradient independent: |
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Definition
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Term
| transported molecule chemically altered |
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Definition
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Term
| endocytosis (moves into the cell), exocyosis (goes outside fo the cell), pinocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| 6 I's of culturing microbes |
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Definition
| Inoculation, Isolation, Incubation, Inspection, Information gathering, and Identification |
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Term
| Introduction of a sample into a containter of media to produce a culture of observable growth is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Seperating one species from another is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Under conditions that allow growth... |
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Definition
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Term
| Isolation techniques include: |
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Definition
Streak plate technique
Pour plate technique
Spread plate technique |
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Term
| Media can be classified by what three state: |
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Definition
Physical state
Chemical composition
Functional type |
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Term
| liquid (TSB), simisolid, and solid |
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Definition
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Term
| synthetic (chemically defined) and nonsynthetic (complex) |
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Definition
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Term
| general purpose, enriched, selective, differential, anaerobic growth, specimen transport, assay, enumeration |
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Definition
Functional type
(Purpose of Medium) |
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Term
| Type of media that can be chemically defined is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of media that is complex and is not chemically defined |
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Definition
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Term
| liquid medium containing beef extract and peptone |
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Definition
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Term
| solid media containing beef extract, peptone (which is a partial digested protien), and agar |
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Definition
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Term
| The most commonly used solidifying agent is called |
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Definition
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Term
| A complex polysaccharide (sugars) isolated from red algae |
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Definition
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Term
| Agar is solid at room temperature, liquiefies at boiling (100 C), and does not re-solidify until it cools at____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Provides framework to hold moisture and nutrients and is not digestivle for most microbes. |
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Term
| Media that contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula |
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Definition
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Term
| Media that contains at least on ingredient that is not chemically definable. |
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Definition
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Term
| Media that grows a broad range of microbes, usually nonsynthetic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Media that contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum, hemoglobin, or special growht factors required by fastidious (hard to grow) microbes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences amound thos microbes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Contains a substance that absorbs oxygen or slows penetration of osygen into mediam; used for growing anaerobic bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| Contains sugars that can be fermented converted to acids, and a pH indicator to show this reaction. |
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Definition
| Carbohydrate fermentation medium |
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Term
| Temperature-controlled chamber |
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Definition
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Term
| observation; macroscopic and microscopic |
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Definition
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Term
| grows only single known species of microorganisms |
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Definition
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Term
| hold two or more identified species or microoorganisms |
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Definition
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Term
| once pure or mixed uclture that has unwanted microbes growing |
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Definition
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Term
| macroscopic and microscopic appearance, biochemical test, genetic characteristics, immunological testing |
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Definition
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Term
| What two way are potentially hazardous cultures and specimens disposed? |
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Definition
-Steam Sterilization (Autoclave)
-Inceneration (Burning) |
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Term
| Division of bacterial cells occurs mainly through |
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Definition
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Term
| Parent cell enlarges, duplicates its chromosome, and forms a central transverse septum dividing the cell into two daugher cells. This is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Time requied for a complete fission cycle is called the |
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Definition
| generation or doubling time |
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Term
| Each new fission cycle increases the population by a factor of |
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Definition
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Term
| Formula for calculating population size over time: |
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Definition
Nf = (N1)2n
Nf total # of cells in the population
N1 is starting number of cells
Exponentn denotes generation time
2n number of cells in that generation |
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Term
| In laboratory studies, population typically display a predictable patter over time called |
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Definition
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Term
| Stages in the normal growth curve include: |
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Definition
| Lag Phase, Exponential growth phase, Stationary phase, and Death phase |
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Term
| "flat" period of adjustment, enlargement; little growth is called |
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Definition
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Term
| A period of maximum growth withll continue as long as cells have adequate nutrients and favorable environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rate of cell growth equals rate of cell death caused by depleted nutrients and O2, excretion of organic acids and pollutants. |
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Definition
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Term
| As limiting factor intensify, cells die exponentially. |
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Definition
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Term
| Degree of cloudiness, turbidity, reflects the relative population size. This is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Getting a viable colony count or direct cell count of all cells present; automated or manual is called |
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Definition
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Term
| What can pick up fine degrees of difference in turbidity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| produces a type of surface membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| appears to clump (suspended chunks or pieces) |
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Definition
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