Term
|
Definition
| Set pt:homeostatic range want to keep things in; sensor:detect given stimuli; Integrator:process and decision; Effector:respond and fix situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrons are shared and are equally distributed btw. the atoms. |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Nonpolar covalent bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Come in 2 parts; produced in the nucleolus; rRNA-protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transport materials in/out of nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helicases:breaks hydrogen bonds in helix; DNA Polymerase:makes a polymer that attaches to each strand, makes complementary pairing; Semiconservative duplication: each is 2 sets-1parent/1 new daughter strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemicals that promote different phases of the cell cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promotes cell division (makes cells divide); to much/to fast-cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Need a carrier; requires no ATP; move from high to low; passive; specific-specialize to transport a specific solute; saturable-limited quantity of carriers; competitive-closely related compounds can complete for a given carrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receptors on outside take in solute, make vesicle, brings in and then reuses them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| requires energy; movement of very large molecules-polar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| requires energy-ATP; move from high to low; Ex) Na/Kpump |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tumor suppressor gene; inactivate cyclin D; control back up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives vesicles, identify, sorted, makes small transport vesicles to send to corresponding parts |
|
|
Term
| List the subatomic structures and their electrical charges |
|
Definition
| protons (+) electrons (-) neutrons |
|
|
Term
| What determines the atomic # of an element |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of bonds in Amino Acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polymers of Glycerol and Fatty Acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of bond in Glycerol and Fatty acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules are soluable in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Runs from 0-14; pH of 7 is neutral; pH of 8-14 is basic (alkaline); pH of 0-6 is acidic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin; divides living/non-living; selectively semi-permeable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double membranous sac; 2 basic functions-genetic blue print for future generations, protein synthesis (control center) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Everything inside cell, but the nucleus; organelles; cytosol-liquid portion; cytoskeleton-bones/muscle of cells, gives shape, movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribosomes on it; synthesizes proteins destined for secretion; synthesizes both proteins and phospholipids needed to build membrane structure; sends products to sER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no ribosomes; detoxification; store Ca; synthesizes lipids, phospholipids and steroids; takes materials from rER, packages, sends in transport vesicles to Golgi |
|
|
Term
| What determine the atomic mass of an element |
|
Definition
| the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same # of protons, but different # of neutrons; atomic # is the same, atomic mass is different |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double membranous sac; "power house"-generates greatest # of ATP from food; has own DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CNS and Endocrine-control the level of activity; maintain a balance throughout whole body; Extrinsic overrides intrinsic; principles of (-) and (+) feedback |
|
|
Term
| Basic functions of catalysts |
|
Definition
| Increase rate of a reaction; use over and over; doesn't change the nature of the reaction or the end product |
|
|
Term
| 3subunits of a nucleotide |
|
Definition
| 5 carbon (pentose) sugar; phosphate group attached to one end of the sugar; nitrogenous base attached to other end of sugar |
|
|
Term
| 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membranous sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes |
|
|
Term
| 4 General Groups of Lipids |
|
Definition
| Phospholipids, Triglycerides, Prostaglandins, Steroids |
|
|
Term
| How are covalent bonds formed? |
|
Definition
| When atoms SHARE their valence electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One or more valence electrons from one atom are completely transferred to a second atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unequally shared electrons btw. atoms |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Polar Covalent Bonds |
|
Definition
| Water, Glucose, Amino Acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Capture and transfer energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 or more atoms joined together by a bond |
|
|
Term
| Plasma Membrane composition |
|
Definition
| Lipid Bilayer, Phospholipids, Cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Natural, happens (no blood), swells and ruptures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nucleus is visible; G1-growth and differentiation; restriction pt.; S-DNA duplicates; G2-growth and differentiation and organelles duplicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Channels, Carriers, Receptors, Enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hollow, water filled tunnel; ions go through; chem./electrically/mechanically controlled; specific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport substance through that can't get in on own; specific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have a binding site (outer surface); recognize/bind specific molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control specific chem. reactions on outside/inside surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-polar; non-polar molecules move through by simple diffusion; driven by concentration gradient
Ex) Fats, O_2, CO_2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needs ATP; facilitated diffusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sister chromatids are pullen apart; chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromosomes disappear; nucleolus and nuclear envelop reappear; fibers gone; cleavage furrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Division of cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of rewriting DNA; takes DNA template, rewrites into mRNA, exits nucleus to cytosol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| takes 3 letter words (codon) and translates into Amino Acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hydrogen, disulfide, peptide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hydrogen, disulfide, peptide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of how the body works |
|
|
Term
| 8 cellular functions necessary for life |
|
Definition
1) Cell has to obtain nutrients/O_2 from surrounding environment
2) Perform chemical reactions
3) Excretion
4) Protein synthesis
5) Responsiveness
6) Control exchange of materials btw. the cell and surrounding environment
7) Movement
8) Reproduce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nervous tissue, Epithelial Tissue, Muscle tissue, Connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extracellular fluid; liquid part of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Around the outside of cells; fluid in the tissue btw. the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maintenance of a relatively stable environment for the cell in order for that cell to function/survive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Channels, Enzymes, Receptors, Carriers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries the genetic code into the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decodes mRNA into various amino acids and assisting in trasnlation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transporting specific amino acids to the ribosome to be added onto the growing polypeptide chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell identity and recognition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecules are insoluable in water |
|
|
Term
| 6 homeostatically regulated factors |
|
Definition
1)Concentration of nutrients and O_2
2)Concentration of waste products
3)Concentration of salts and electrolytes
4)Acid/Base balance
5)Temperature
6)Volume and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water came out; going to shrivel/crenate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water moves in; going to swell/lysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both have the same # of solute particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conditions: Aerobic and Anaerobic
Location: Cytosol
Products: 2 Pyruvic Acid, Net of 2 ATP, 2NADH, 2Water, by product of lactic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conditions: Aerobic
Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
Products: Acetyl CoA, CO_2, NADH (2x's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conditions: Aerobic
Location: Mitochondrial matrix
Products: 2 CO_2, 3NADH, 1FADH_2, 1ATP (2x's/glucose) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conditions: Aerobic
Location: Mitochondrial Matrix, Inner Mitochondrial membrane, Intermembranous space
Products: 26 ATP, Water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibody production, blood clot, uterine contraction during child birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organ has some control over it's own level of activity; Accomplished by local neural mechanisms or local hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10 systems that contribute to homeostasis |
|
Definition
| Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary (skin), Urinary, Endocrine, Nervous, Immune |
|
|
Term
| 1 system that does not help contribute to homeostasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Control of Enzymatic activity |
|
Definition
| By temp. and pH of solution; concentration of cofactors and coenzymes; concentration of enzymes and substrate molecules; stimulation and inhibitory effects of products on enzyme activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Require an input of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| output (energy released); product less than reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: Diffusion directly related to |
|
Definition
| Concentration gradient, Surface area, Permeability of membrane, Temperature |
|
|
Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: Diffusion inversely related to |
|
Definition
| Size, Distance, Membrane thickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of water to an area of higher solute concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No net water movement; 0.9% NaCl, 5% Dextrose, 300 mOs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small membranous sacs-oxidative enzymes; some detoxification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA becomes visible, because chromatin fiber coils around histone; Nucleolus/Nuclear envelop disappear; Centrioles migrate to opposite end of cell; Spindle fibers develop off centrioles and attach to centromere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All chromosomes line up in the middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head- polar, tail- non polar; Membrane behaves as a non polar due to the hydrophobic region made by the fatty acid chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "spot welds"; Protein filaments tie cells together (not touching); strong/stretchy; Permeable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impermeable junctions; proteins tie membranes together (nothing moves through); highly selective; strong sheets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communicating junctions; 2 cells that don't touch; hollow proteins in wall makes hollow tunnel, can move ions rapidly w/out barriers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| random passive movement down a gradient from high to low concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simple diffusion; Separation of charges; (+) pull (-) one way and vise versa |
|
|
