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Definition
| certain countries have different definitions of deviance like eye contact or trafficking human organs. no social vacuum |
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| Edwin Lemert. gave rise to academic deviance in 50s defining it as behavior deviating from the norm rather than just calling the person weird |
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ascribed is inherent at birth and hard or impossible to reverse like retards
achieved is made over time like body mods |
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attitudes:extreme religion
behavior:violating dress codes
conditions:more a part of person like physical disability |
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| interpretations of deviance |
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Definition
as sin:believed people were witches and had religious disorders
as sickness:medicalized deviance by saying deviance was medical problem.
as selection: deviants reaching out and claim back their deviance saying they are they way they are because they chose to be |
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| medicalization caused money making proposition for field to create illnesses and so lead to recovery movement. so society no longer tolerates being to sad and some deviance has been destimatized |
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| function of deviance in society |
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Definition
| creates an us and them in other words creates a boundary so the center can exist |
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rely on values rather than norms. like murder is usually viewed as wrong in society, they view deviance as static and unchanging in all cultures and across all time.
against the medical model which takes responsibility away from the person. |
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| opposite to absolutist. believe in no universal truths of deviance. the culture and time is what defines deviant behavior. idea allows for some social change by some deviance becoming normal |
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| normative definition of deviance |
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Definition
| describes deviance as violation of norm like not brushing teeth in morning |
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| positive or negative consequences of a deviant behavior |
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| reactivist definition of deviance |
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Definition
| behavior or condition labeled as deviant by others. only as deviant as someone reacts to it |
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| interplay reactivist and normative |
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Definition
| they complement each other. norms are created by people and norms are then broken |
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how widely accepted.
how enforced
how transmitted
how much conformity people require, like people in jail with stricter norms. |
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| when members of group are similar in ideas, rules and force aren't needed as much because it is assumed the people will follow the norms |
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| some norms are more stable(murder) than others. groups change norms |
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| simple everyday norms based on custom, tradition, or etiquette;like dress or not washing hands after bathroom and people think you are weird |
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| strongest norms supported by the code of the social structure(legislature). come from folkways and mores that have been around |
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| norms based on broad societal morals which keep social order. more punishment like ostracized for being drug addict compared to folkways |
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| norms exist because of deviance and vice versa. deviance even exists in community of saints. |
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| watch queen is guy who just watches out for trouble. safer to disclose that you are to deviant group you are studying or not. sociologists are subject to being subpoenaed for notes |
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| deviance is abstract and can be seen only through symbols like handcuffs. the more power you have the more seen your idea of deviance is |
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fight to get there idea to be the norm.
rule creating and rule enforcing. parents can be both.MADD is rule creating |
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| perceiving alcohol as demon and worried for kids so make it illegal and change the deviance of alcohol |
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Term
| stages of manufacturing public morality |
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Definition
awareness
moral conversion
moral panic |
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Term
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Definition
naming the problem. distinguishing it from others. determining basis for worry. telling who is responsible.
must be careful to frame the problem as serious enough and with real solution so as to move to the next stage |
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| converting others to there cause through strikes and popular individual's opinions. sometimes unlikely groups come together |
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| when the success of converting people on the issue spills over creates frenzy. power struggle to see who can create the most panic on issue. this creates new norms |
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| social status constructs the people's idea of your supposed deviance |
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Definition
| accepting the deviant identity and making it your own is also part of the process as well as the definition and environment where deviance can occur |
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| stages of developing deviant identity |
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Definition
1.caught and identified as deviant
2.change your attitudes by looking back and reinterpreting your behavior
3.previous identity is spoiled like a tarnish reputation
4.exclusion of non-deviant groups and activities associated
5.attract new deviant groups and welcomed
6.internalize deviant label |
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| outcomes of becoming deviant |
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Definition
| the deviant identity overpowers other identities and becomes master identity. the policeman becomes the gay policeman. |
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| master status and auxiliary traits |
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Definition
| aux. traits are a strong fireman and then it is assumed that all persons of master status fireman are strong |
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| label isn't even applied because it is not recognized. |
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| most people move and stick to this stage where a deviant identify emerges because it is uncovered. guilt is here. changing behaviors too. |
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| deviant embraces label. like person with learning disability saying there more creative. this degree involves fighting to change norms. |
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| general negative concept of deviant behavior. stigmas help to set examples of boundaries and define the group. |
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Term
| techniques of stigma management |
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Definition
secrecy
disclosure
changing to non deviance |
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Term
| secrecy stigma management |
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Definition
| the person escapes stigma through hiding the deviance from other people. leads double life and hides symbols of deviance. overcompensates with symbols of norms |
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| disclosure stigma management |
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Definition
| when secrecy fails, the deviant discloses the behavior. or does it for therapy and relieving anxiety and prevent complications in relationship. this way either gains sympathy or rejection. must have disclosure for deviant and non deviant to have normal relations |
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Term
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Definition
denial of responsibility like have a disease
denying injury of other person
denial of any victim at all like raping prostitute because doesn't deserve victim status
appeal to higher loyalties like helping friend to cheat because he is friend
condemning the condemners-the man who hasn't sinned cast the first stone |
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| excuses and justifications of disclosure stigma management |
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Definition
excuses: admit they were wrong while distancing themselves from it: appeals to accidents, defeasibility(didn't know i couldn't park there), biological drives(boys will be boys); scapegoating another person
justifications: legitimize the acts or consequences, using sad tales for sympathy like stripper paying for college, and self-fulfillment like taking lsd to be more creative |
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Term
| change to non deviance stigma management |
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Definition
| not all deviants can practice this like retards. the deviant believes it isn't worth is anymore. groups work to change whole definition of deviance or the individuals behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| male cheerleaders play up there manness and objectify women excessively and avoid gay men excessively. the women just think they are joking and allow the objectification |
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Term
| how deviant associations vary |
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Definition
number of members
task specialization of members
stratification within the group(how social classes are arranged)
amount of authority in the leaders
resources and services available
ability to teach novices
ability to help one another out
flexibility of membership
membership rituals for entry to group causing more tight knit group with protection |
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| solitary, keeping deviant behavior secret from other people. harder to legitimate deviance and give meaning to it so feel guilty. example serial murderers don't have the people to teach them how to do it right |
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| loners who find solace in internet communities. which can enforce the behavior as lifestyle choice either on purpose or accident through bringing like minded people together. example self injurers. |
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| face to face relations with other deviants without cooperation between them to commit the act of deviance in question. example homeless or recreational drug users |
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| engage in deviance with other people by working together but not for each other like trafficking illegal goods |
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| three to a dozen individuals engaging in more sophisticated deviance than the peers could. special training with leader organizing it with rules and plans. example group of thieves or smugglers |
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| a culture within a culture distinguished by its norms and values. like straight edge or prison culture |
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| deviant formal organization |
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Definition
| larger than crews with fragments of the organization spanning a region where leaders come and go. protect themselves. underlying purpose is money for illegal acts even though some started just to protect community. violence is a business tool. rituals and bonds are used. |
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| individual theories of deviance |
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Definition
how society defines it, how subculture influences, how deviants come to be deviant, why deviance distributed over time and space, how others react to deviance.
seek to explain deviance through circumstances affecting individual person uniquely |
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Term
| biological individual theory |
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Definition
| humans social nature comes from there biology. seek to address alcoholism as disease. modern theories involve environment. |
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| critic biological individual theory |
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Definition
| you cannot inherit deviance because you can't inherit norms and you need norms to have deviance. actions result from social transmissions |
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| psychiatric individual theory |
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Definition
| deviants are patients with illness from lack of emotional security during childhood. deviant behavior is maladaptive behavior coping with negative childhood. like someone cheating on wife due to insecurity |
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| psychoanalytic individual theory |
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Definition
| believes deviants can be cured through talking.freud's id, ego, and super ego. looking at unconscious mind |
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| psychological individual theory |
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Definition
| people naturally predisposed to aggressive behavior |
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| critic of psychiatric theory |
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Definition
| can't scientifically make there claims since focusing primarily on early childhood. |
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| critic of psychoanalytical |
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Definition
| human behavior follows from social experience. so how can you discover behavior through move social experience? |
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Definition
| human behavior results from socially determined roles rather than traits. don't take in to account reactions from negative effects of stigma. studies do not show universal traits for all deviants and not including non deviants. |
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| rational choice individual theory |
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Definition
| deviance is simply a personal choice where the criminal ways the pros and cons of the risky activity. deviants aren't crazy just choose instant pleasure. some anticipate situations better |
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| someone with disability doesn't choose it |
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| macro general approach to deviance associated with society as a whole. think poor drug deal product of environment |
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Term
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| how individual are labeled as deviants and how the come to commit the acts in relation to society. how social life affect affect person or groupl |
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| Adaptations of Strain Theory |
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Definition
Conformity:accept cultural goals and means
Innovation:accept cultural goals and reject means like selling illegaldrugs
Ritualism:Reject goals and accept means. get demoralized and have no goals just going through motions
Retreatism:reject goals and means.
Rebellion:a retreatist who wants to start new society like america did in beginning |
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Term
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| other strain exists from social structure. strain from removing positive stimuli like losing job. strain from applying negative stimuli like interest rate going up. crime doesn't effect all people so need extension |
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Term
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Definition
| oversimplify problem. assume universal goals and means when certain cultures have different. assume disproportionate amount of deviance in lower class when their most likely to get caught. some just deviant due to friends their with. some categories overlap for some people |
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Term
| interplay between deviance and crime |
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Definition
| they overlap slightly but still being distinct |
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| process theory. focus on consequences of deviants interactions with society. like young boy behavior changed due to parents finding out he stole.many only just dabble in deviance. person comes to know deviance through reactions of society. acknowledges social power of certain groups to say what is deviant |
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Term
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Definition
| what was the initial behavior? does label have to be harsh to get the label to stick? theory makes lower class stand out. doesn't say what label effects or how the thought of a label deters people from being deviant. |
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Term
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| process/micro theory. deviance results from lack of social control/influence. if no one there to hold us to a certain self esteem then everyone would be deviant. this theory asks why aren't people deviant rather than opposite. |
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| suicide and control theory |
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Definition
| protestants more likely than catholics more likely than jews to commit suicide due to the level of social integration like how close they are to community |
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Term
| Hirschi's bonding control theory |
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Definition
four things kept people from deviance.
-attachment;bond to people or group through respect or affection.
-commitment;degree of stakes in conforming like trying to keep a job
-involvement;time spent in conformity helps to stay
-belief;conforming is moral thing to do
-explains how begin and end deviance like with growing bonds |
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Term
| critic of control theories |
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Definition
| assume everyone has deviant nature and feels equal motivation to commit deviance. circular reasoning saying low self control causes crime when they have to look at the crime first. |
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Term
| differential association theory |
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Definition
| process learning theory. deviants learn behavior/techniques/attitudes through interactions with intimate personal groups. definitions favoring violate norms outweigh. vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. learning deviance is like anything else |
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| present oversocialized version of humanity because human still have free will. doesn't account for disabled. deviant behavior doesn't necessarily find you, you find it. |
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| structural theory. address origins of rules and norms rather than behavior. similar to labeling in origins of deviance. stress power as pluralistic with some having it and others not. |
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| viewed society as relations between rich and poor and capitalism helped the rich. in best interest of rich to make the laws to put poor in chains. |
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| conflict theory variation. as perceived threat to society goes up the crime control goes it. doesn't matter what the stats say. increase fear of drunkenness so more mental hospitals. |
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| some laws benefit all society. laws don't entice people to commit crimes. conflict theories say this is the way things should be making an ideology. |
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