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| Disgnating a genre or school of painting or sculpture that does not represent observable aspects of nature or transforms visibleforms into a pattern resembling the original model. The basic geometric forms are pulled out of or drawn from the original subject matter |
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| In a work of art, an image (or images) that illustrate an abstract concept, idea, or story, often suggesting a deeper meaning |
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| The study of past human life and culture by the examination of material remains such as graves, tools and pottery |
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| It is a system of framing a wooden building. All the vertical structural elements of the exterior bearing walls and partitions consist of single studs, which extend the full height of the frame, from the top of the soleplate to the roof plate. Nails fasten all of the floor joists to studs |
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| Of or relating to a projection in which an object is drawn with its horizontal and vertical axes to scale but with its curved lines and diagonals distorted. |
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| A School of design established in Weimar, Germany, by Walter Gropius in 1919. The term became virtually synonymous with modern teaching methods in architecture and the applied arts and with functional aesthetic for the industrial age. |
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| A structural member who prime function is to carry transverse loads, as a joist, girder, rafter, or purlin |
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| An arrangement of masonry units to provide strength, stability, and in some cases beauty through a setting pattern by lapping units over one another or some units may extend into adjacent courses, between wythes or through the wall, and vertical joints are not continuous |
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| A solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or shale, molded into a rectangular shape while plastic, and then burnt in a kiln. |
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| A portrait depicting only the head and shoulders of the subject. Frequently used in the context of marble sculpture |
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| A projecting bracket used for carrying the cornice or extended eaves of a building. It is a beam, girder, truss or other structural member, which projects beyond its supporting wall or column. |
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| A hard brittle nonmalleable iron-carbon alloy, cast into shape, containing 2 to 4.5 percent carbon, 0.5 to 3 percent silicon, and lesser amounts of sulfur, manganese and phosphorus. |
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| A general term covering all types of wares made from clay, including porcelain and terra cotta. |
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| The slanted surface produced when an angle is trimmed or beveled. It is common in building and metal work. |
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| An Italian word designating the contrast of dark and light in painting, drawing and print. Spatial depth and volumetric forms through slight gradations in the internsity of light and shadow are used to indicate three dimensions. |
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| An advanced state of human society marked by a relatively high level of cultural, technical, and political development. |
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| An ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome. |
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| A technique in which cut out forms of paper (including newsprint) cloth or found materials are pasted onto another surface. Also an image or built form using this technique |
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| In structures, it is relatively long, sleder structural compression member such as a post or a pillar. It is structurally vertical and it supports a load which acts in (or near) the direction of its longitudinal axis. |
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The primary and secondary colors across from each other on the color wheel.
Red to Green
Blue to Orange
Yellow to Purple
When juxtaposed the intensity of both colors increases. When mixed together they negate each other to make a neautral gray brown. |
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| The state of being compressed, or being shortened by a force. |
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| A composite material which consists essentially of a binding medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregate like sand and gravel; in Portland cement concrete, the blinder is a mixture of Portland cement and water. |
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| All of the circumstances in and around which a particular event occurs, e.g. the construction of a building or the growth of a city. |
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| A layer of masonry units running horizontally in a wall or, much less commonly curved over an arch; it is bonded with mortar. |
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| A nonrepresentational school of painting and sculpture developed in Paris in the early 20th century, characterized by the reduction and fragmentation of natural forms into abstract and often geometric structures. |
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| In archaeology the constellation of specific artifact elements thought to represent a particular people. |
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| The weight of a structure itself, including the weight of fixtures or equipment permanently attached to it. |
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| A drawing showing the vertical elements of a building, either exterior or interior, as a direct projection to a vertical plane. |
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| A term expressing a work of art, sculpture or building in which forms are created primarily to evoke subjective emotions rather than to portray objective reality. |
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| The principle face or front of a building. |
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| This describes the visual concept where a figure represents an object, form, element or positive shape. The ground is alternately called space, residual space, white space or field. |
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| The illusion created on a flat painted or drawn surface in which figures and objects appear to recede or project sharply into space. It is accomplished according to the rules of perspective. |
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| The remains, impression or trace of any living organism from a past geological age found preserved in rock or sediment. |
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| It is the portion of the foundation of a structure, which transmits loads diretly to the soil. It may be the widened part of a wall or column, the spreading courses under a foundation wall, or a foundation of a columnm, etc. It is used to spread the load over a greater area to prevent or reduce settling. |
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| The art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water. |
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| A term referring to art, whether drawn or printed, that utilizes paper at the primary support medium. |
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| An architectural drawing presenting a building as if cut horizontally at the floor level typically the cut is taken 3' above finished floor level. |
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| Incised carving (as opposed to relief carving), in which the design is sunk below the surface of hard stone or metal |
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| A rock of sedimentary origin composed principally of calcite or dolomite or both. It is used as a building stone or as a crushed stone aggregate. It is burnt into lime. |
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| A building or floor plan relating to or resembling a line (straight one) |
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| The moving or moveable load on a structure; includes the weight of furnishings of a building, of the people, of equipment etc., but does not include wind load. |
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| A metamorphic rock mad up largely of calcite or dolomite. It is a rock that will polish and be used as a dress stone. |
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| The art of shaping, arranging, and uniting stone, brick, building locks etc., to form walls and other parts of buildings. |
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| A large stately tomb or a building housing such as a tomb or several tombs. |
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| One thing conceived as representing another. It may represent a symbol. |
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| In painting and drawing the process of creating the illusion of three dimensionality on a two dimensional surface by the use of light and shade. In sculpture it is the process of molding a three dimensional form out of a malleable substance. |
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| A pattern formed by inlaying small pieces of stone, tile, glass, or enamel into a cement, mortar, or plaster matrix. |
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| A set of assumptions, concepts, values and practices that constitute a way of viewing reality for the community that shares them, especially in an intellectual discipline. |
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| This is an architectural design term representing the central idea or concept of a building. It can take on many ramifications as part of the design process. |
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1) A tall aquatic plant that grows abundantly in the Near East, Egypt, and Abyssinia.
2) A paper-like material made by lying together thin strips of the pith of this pant, and then soaking, pressing, and drying the whole. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans used the resultant sheets as writing material |
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| The skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing or painting on. |
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| A technique for representing spatial relationships and three dimensional objects on a flat surface so as to produce an effect similar to that perceived by the human eye. |
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| Post and Lintel Construction |
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| A type of construction characterized by the use of vertical columns and a horizontal beam to carry a load over an opening. This is in conrasts to structural systems employing arches or vaults. |
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| Blue, Red and Yellow. The three colors from which all other colors are derived. |
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| An architectural drawing presenting a building as if it were cut across the vertical plane at right angles to the horizontal plane. |
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| A particular or distinctive form of artistic expression characteristic of a person, people or period. |
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| A mixture of lime and sand and other ingredients into a material that can be easily molded modeled. When dry it produces a very durable surface used for covering walls or for architectural sculpture or decoration. |
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| Correspondence of form (as in a building plan) and arrangement of parts on opposite side of a boundary such as a plan or a line or around a point or axis. |
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| The state or condition of being pulled apart or stretched. |
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1) hard semi-fired waterproof ceramic clay used in pottery and building construction
2)Ceramic wares made of this material. |
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| Two upright megaliths supporting a horizontal stone. |
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| A manner of representation in which the appearance of natural space and objects is created with the expressed intention of fooling the ye of the viewer, who may be convinced that the subject may actually exist as a three dimensional reality. |
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| A structure composed of a combination of members such as chord (top and bottom) and web (interior straight and diagonal) members. Usually is in some triangular arrangement so as to constitute a rigid framework. |
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| Iron having a low carbon content that is tough and malleable and so can be forged and welded. |
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