Term
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Definition
| Victim, Offender, Relationship btw offender and victim, type, location, rationale for the violence |
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Term
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Definition
| any action or structural arrangement that results in physical or nonphysical harm to one or more persons or things. Example: a threat or act of harm in the context of pushing a button for a bomb( its about what the action does). Example bad government enforcing strict dominance over people(structural arrangement) |
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Term
| Direct versus Indirect Victimization |
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Definition
Direct:victim is punched in face
Indirect:child watching violent video games or dad beating mom |
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Term
| Instrumental vs Expressive Violence |
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Definition
Instru.:violence as a means to an end
Expres.:motivation is expressive of some emotional state such as anger or jealousy |
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Term
FBI Part I Violent Crimes
happen most often |
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Definition
homicide
rape
aggravated assault
robbery |
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Term
FBI Part I Property crimes
happen most often |
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Definition
burglary
larceny/theft
motor vehicle theft
arson |
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Term
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Definition
1stdegree:mens rea and premeditation
2nddegree:mens rea
non-negligent mansla./3rd:mens rea, with some serious provacation
negligent manslaughter: no mens rea or premeditation |
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Term
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Definition
| malice of forethought or intent to kill |
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Term
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Definition
| vagina penetration with penis(carnal knowledge) of a female body and against her will |
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Term
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Definition
| unlawful attack upon one person by another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury including threats and usually involving gun or body |
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Term
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Definition
| taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force of violence, and/or by putting the victim in fear |
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Term
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Definition
| just began to be classified as rape and caused technical difficulties with the stats |
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Term
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Definition
| causing the physical harm |
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Term
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Definition
| unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft. attempted forcible entry is included. doesn't have victim! |
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Term
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Definition
| unlawful taking,carrying,leading,or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. attempted theft included |
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Term
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Definition
| FBI program. measures eight part I crimes and some part II. |
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Term
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Definition
| 7percent agencies don't report. only crime that gets caught is reported. different areas have differing definitions of crime. Hierarchy Rule: only counts most serious offense in crime that is reported on a case by case basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| lost confidence in police, pride, involved in crimes, fear of the streets hurting you |
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Term
| National Incident-Based Reporting System |
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Definition
| More detail on each crime incident. does not follow hierarchy rule. half of US report to it |
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Term
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Definition
| no report, criminal got away |
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Term
| National Crime Victimization Survey |
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Definition
| Response to official crime data based on offending behavior and police response. reports data from victim point of view. no info on murder, public order, or prostitution. shows higher rape stats, but people don't believe. |
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Term
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Definition
| victims are repeatedly victimized. crime is higher than ucr. most victim and offenders are young male poor minorities. |
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Term
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Definition
| survey designed to measure offending behavior of adolescents versus victimization. surveys worded with certain time period in mind for young kids. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4.8 death out of 100,000. crime rate is high in respect to our first rate society versus lower rated societies. crime rate goes down when we have better and faster medical care |
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Term
| international homicide stats |
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Definition
| definition of different crimes vary widely in other countries. quality of crime data is lacking and government crime isn't counted |
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Term
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Definition
60s:more babies and civil rights with outspoken youth caused double of rate.
80s:fighting over drug turf
90s:crack, automatics weapons, more money with affordable crack
mid90s:suspected rise with super predators but a decrease instead.
future:decrease or stabilize because of recession |
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Term
| Biological Theories of Violence |
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Definition
guidelines
effect of physical traits on human behavior:predatory(for food),
male-on-male(pride, alpha male), fear, maternal,
irritable(pain, frustration, deprivation),
sexual, territorial(land is power) |
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Term
| Problem Biological Theories |
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Definition
| saying violence is inevitable when some are not violent causes stereotypes and lay blame on certain groups. Examples: eugenics, improving human race with selective breeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Criminal Man. criminals could be identified by physical stigmata and criminality was evolutionary and biological. characteristics:enormous jutting jaws, high cheekbones, large eyes, sloped forehead, acute sight, tattoos, love of orgies |
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Term
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Definition
| looked at criminals in jail and compared them for likenesses. circular reasoning beginning at his ending, the jail |
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Term
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Definition
| genetics, improper function of brain like low serotonin less impulse control, diets, toxins poisoning(lead), birth complications, testosterone causes more aggression in studies of animals |
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Term
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Definition
-understood through personality, character, and mental disorder.
-differentiation between right and wrong
-abnormal behavioral conditioning or diseased minds
-abnormal personalities
-impulse control
-development of personality in childhood |
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Term
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Definition
also sociopath, antisocial disorder:inadequately socialized personality.
-no empathy, conscience, guilt, love, inhibition or anxiety
-superficially charming, cold calm calculating.
-anti social:not necessarily killer and vice versa, killer just being insane |
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Term
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Definition
also sociopath, antisocial disorder:inadequately socialized personality.
-no empathy, conscience, guilt, love, inhibition or anxiety
-superficially charming, cold calm calculating.
-anti social:not necessarily killer and vice versa, killer just being insane |
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Term
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Definition
groups higher violence than others
strain theory
differential association theory
subculture of violence/code of street |
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Term
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Definition
| social upheavals, traditional norms of behavior no longer worker, causing societal normlessness and increase in violence |
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Term
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Definition
discrepancy between goals and means->strain->anomie->violence
-normally acceptable to get job and work hard to succeed but...
-person more acceptable stealing food to eat during economic crisis(strain) |
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Term
| differential association theory |
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Definition
| process of social learning by associating behaviors of others to their own which creates a cycle of violence. people of group have babies and define violence as favorable and so on GENERALLY |
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Term
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Definition
| possess a value system different from that of the larger society as a result of the socialization practices(children lacking basic skills and education making it hard to leave lower class area) |
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Term
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Definition
occurs do to no jobs, bad families, drugs, discrimination, lack of hope for future cuz parents impart this on kids
-all they are left with is honor so they respond with violence to any threat of that. old enough and you don't have to fear respect challenge. young bucks have much to prove. to much eye contact is bad. commonality of honor with southern violence |
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Term
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Definition
| decent:mainstream, norms, values, American dream, respect for hard work and self reliance and education and tests from god. support from other families in church. code of street falls over into there life, kids get no respect for grades |
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Term
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Definition
| mainstream failed them, use informal code of streets system, |
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Term
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Definition
as variable changes the violence changes.
examples:gender, class, race, age, previous exp. with violence |
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Term
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Definition
male 16-24 most influence on violence.
men more likely to be victims.
women more likely prostitutes.
men victim of strangers often.(half of crime committed by strangers)
women victim of people they know.
men stronger easier to commit violence due to testosterone and socialization of violence in men. |
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Term
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Definition
poor minorities except asians.
poor most likely victims.
black victimized at faster rate.
poor likely to live in crime filled area.
more spanking in culture and increased cycle of violence. |
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Term
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Definition
young males more risk taking behavior to show dominance and to get women.
children vulnerable to viol. by adult.
children can't reason that there victimization is not there fault and less likely to report violent act. |
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Term
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Definition
best predictor of viol.
violent in one setting, violent in every setting. once violence is normative you continue using it.
example:boxer still speak in violent terms outside ring. military has more domestic violence rate |
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Term
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Definition
the more a society legitimates violence in certain situations, the more illegitimate violence there will be.
most cases of capital punishment in area have higher rates of viol.
saying death is ok punishment spills over into culture and they think its ok to kill. |
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