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Exam 1
N/A
38
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
09/27/2012

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Crime Rates
Definition
Crime rates have significantly declined since 1993
Term
Law Enforcement
Definition
refers to any system by which some members of society act in an organized manner to promote adherence to the law by discovering and punishing persons who violate the rules and norms governing that society.
Term
Courts
Definition
a tribunal presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate in civil and criminal cases:
Term
Legislature
Definition
a kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws.
Term
Correctional System
Definition
a variety of functions typically carried out by government agencies, and involving the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons who have been convicted of crimes.
Term
Cost of Justice
Definition
Term
Discretion
Definition
the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation
Term
True Bill
Definition
a bill of indictment found by a grand jury to be supported by sufficient evidence to justify the hearing of a case.
Term
Nolle Prosequi
Definition
a formal notice of abandonment by a plaintiff or prosecutor of all or part of a suit or action.
Term
Arraignment
Definition
a formal reading of a criminal complaint in the presence of the defendant to inform the defendant of the charges against him or her
Term
Preliminary Hearing
Definition
is a proceeding, after a criminal complaint has been filed by the prosecutor, to determine whether there is enough evidence to require a trial
Term
Bail
Definition
the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money be lodged to guarantee their appearance in court
Term
Plea Bargain
Definition
an arrangement between a prosecutor and a defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in the expectation of leniency.
Term
Appellate Court
Definition
is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.
Term
Conflict View of Crime
Definition
the law is controlled by the rich and powerful who shape it's content to ensure the continued economic domination of society. The criminal justice system is an instrument of social and economic repression
Term
Consensus View of Crime
Definition
the majority of citizens in a society share common ideals and work toward the common good. Crimes are acts that are outlawed because they conflict with the rules of the majority and are harmful to society
Term
Interactionist View of Crime
Definition
Criminal laws reflect the values of people who use their social and political power to shape the legal system.
Term
Part 1 Crimes
Definition
Term
Uniform Crime Report
Definition
are official data on crime in the United States, published by the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Term
National Crime Victimization Survey
Definition
is a national survey of approximately 49,000 [1] to 77,400 [2] households twice a year in the United States, on the frequency of crime victimization, as well as characteristics and consequences of victimization
Term
NIBRS
Definition
(National Incident Based Reporting System) is an incident-based reporting system used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems.
Term
Actus Reus
Definition
sometimes called the external element or the objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt in combination with the mens rea, "guilty mind", produces criminal liability
Term
Strict Liability
Definition
liability that does not depend on actual negligence or intent to harm.
Term
Mala in se
Definition
is a Latin phrase meaning wrong or evil in itself. The phrase is used to refer to conduct assessed as sinful or inherently wrong by nature, independent of regulations governing the conduct.
Term
Stare Decisis
Definition
the legal principle of determining points in litigation according to precedent. is a legal principle by which judges are obliged to respect the precedent established by prior decisions.
Term
Insanity Plea
Definition
In criminal trials, the insanity defense is where the defendant claims they are not responsible for their actions due to mental health problems
Term
Durham Rule
Definition
The Durham Rule or "product test" was adopted by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1954, in the case of Durham v. U.S. (214 F.2d 862)[1], and states that "... an accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or defect"
Term
McNaughten Rule
Definition
rules or criteria for judging criminal responsibility where there is a question of insanity.
Term
Entrapment
Definition
is conduct by a law enforcement agent inducing a person to commit an offense that the person would otherwise have been unlikely to commit
Term
Double Jeopardy
Definition
is a procedural defence that forbids a defendant from being tried again on the same (or similar) charges following a legitimate acquittal or conviction.
Term
Duress
Definition
threats, violence, constraints, or other action brought to bear on someone to do something against their will or better judgment
Term
Necessity
Definition
necessity may be either a possible justification or an exculpation for breaking the law.
Term
Consent
Definition
Consent refers to the provision of approval or agreement, particularly and especially after thoughtful consideration
Term
4th amendment
Definition
part of the Bill of Rights, prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures.
Term
5th amendment
Definition
protects against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure. right to remain silent
Term
6th amendment
Definition
right to a speedy and public trial
Term
8th amendment
Definition
prohibiting the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishments
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
makes the Bill of rights Applicable to the states
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