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Definition
| not present at the prededing level of biological org due to complexity |
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Term
| levels of biological organization |
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Definition
| biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organs (organ systems), tissues, cells, organelles, molecules |
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Definition
| membrane-enclosed organelles, DNA containing nucleus |
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Definition
| lack of organelles, DNA is not separated from the rest of the cell, DNA but no nucleus |
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Definition
| an organism's adaptations to it's environment |
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Definition
| model dynamic behavior of biological systems based on study of interactions in system's parts |
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| interaction between plants and other organisms result in? |
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Definition
| cycling of chemical nutrients within an ecosystem |
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Definition
| caused by burning of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions |
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Definition
| DNA sequences program cell's proteins to make RNA |
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Definition
| large-scale analysis of DNA sequences in certain species |
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Term
| order of classifying life |
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Definition
| species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain |
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Definition
| domain bacteria, archaea, eukarya |
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| darwin's nautral selection |
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Definition
| mechanism for eveolutionary adaptation of populations in their environments |
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Definition
| scientists use data and inductive reasoning to make testable hypotheses |
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Definition
| tests and observations before hypothesis |
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| used after hypothesis, involves logic that goes from broad to specific |
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Term
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Definition
| designed to demonstrate effect of one variable by testing control groups and experimental groups that differ in only that on variable |
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Term
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Definition
| study of organisms and their environment |
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Definition
| patterns global, regional, landscape level |
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Definition
| fine, localized patterns, small as micro-habitat |
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Definition
| non-living factors (chemical, physical, temp, light, water) |
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Term
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Definition
| living factors (organisms- influence distribution and abundance on Earth) |
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| global climate depends on? |
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Definition
| solar energy, Earth's revolution around sun |
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Term
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Definition
| major life zone characterized by vegetaion (terrestrial biomes) and physical environment (aquatic biomes) |
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Definition
| terrestrial biomes grade into each other |
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Definition
| storm, fire, human activity |
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Term
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Definition
| tropical forest, desert, savanna, chaparral, temperate grassland, northern coniferous forest, temperate broadleaf forest, tundra |
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Term
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Definition
| sufficient life for photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| little sunlight will reach |
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Definition
| bottom of all aquatic biomes |
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Term
| the aphotic and benthic zones make up what zone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in ocean (2,000-6,000m) below the surface |
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Term
| benthic zone is made of organisms called? |
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Definition
| benthos, feed on dead organic material called detritus |
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Term
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Definition
| abrupt temp change as you move to deeper, colder water |
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Term
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Definition
| brings oxygenated water from a lake's surface to the bottom, brings nutrients from the bottom to the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| lakes, wetlands, streams and rivers, estuaries, intertidal zones, oceanic pelagic zone, coral reefs, marine benthic zone |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of individuals or gametes away from their area of origin or high population |
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Term
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Definition
| group of individual single species lving in the same general area |
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Term
| the patterns of dispersion are? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study vital statistics of populations and how they change over time |
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Term
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Definition
| age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all the individuals are dead |
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Term
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Definition
| plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age |
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Term
| change in population size is? |
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Definition
| births+immigrants entering pop-deaths-emmigrants leaving pop |
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Term
| zero population growth occurs when? |
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Definition
| per capita birth and death rates =0 |
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Term
| exponential population growth |
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Definition
| per capita rate of increase may assume the maximum rate for the species |
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Term
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Definition
| max pop size that a particular environment can sustain |
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Definition
| per capita rate of increase approaches zero as the carrying capacity is reached |
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Term
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Definition
| traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival |
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Term
| 3 variables of life history |
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Definition
1. when reproduction begins
2. how often organism reproduces
3. how many offspring produced |
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Term
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Definition
| organism reproduces then dies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| density-dependent selection, high density (reproduction) |
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Term
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Definition
| density-independent selection, low densities (reproduction) |
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Term
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Definition
| birth or death rate that does not change with population density |
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Term
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Definition
| death rates rise and birth rates fall with increasing density |
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Term
| what are density-dependent mechanisms to slow or stop pop growth? |
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Definition
| competition for resources, predation, intrinsic factors, toxic wastes, territoriality, disease |
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Definition
| group of populations linked by immigration and emigration |
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Term
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Definition
| relative number of individuals of each age in the pop |
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Term
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Definition
| aggregate land and waste area needed to produce all the resources a person or group of people consume |
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Term
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Definition
| a population of different species living close enough to interact |
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Term
| interspecific interactions |
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Definition
| organisms's interactions with other species (parasitism, mutualism, predation, herbivory, symbiosis) |
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Term
| interspecific competition |
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Definition
| individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival |
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Term
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Definition
| elimination of the inferior competitor |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of a species' use of abiotic and biotic resources in it's environment |
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Definition
| difference in niches that allows similar species to coexist in a community |
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Definition
| makes prey difficult to see |
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Definition
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| harmless species immitates a harmful one |
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Definition
| two unpalatable species mimic each other |
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Definition
| variety of different kind of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| number of different species in a community |
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Definition
| proportion of each species represents of all individuals in the community |
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Definition
| organisms that become established outside their native range |
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Definition
| feeding patterns that determine route of energy |
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Definition
| total mass of all individuals in a pop |
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Definition
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Definition
| sequence of community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance |
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Definition
| occurs where no soil exists when succession begins |
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Term
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Definition
| area where soil remains after disturbance |
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Term
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Definition
| evaporation of water from soil plus transpiration from the mainland |
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Term
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Definition
| disease-causing microrganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| transferred from animals to humans, cause largest class of human diseases |
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Term
| 1st law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed |
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Term
| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| states that every exchange of energy increases the entropy of a system |
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Term
| sunlight is a form of what kind of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disorganized energy (disordered energy) |
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Term
| along with entropy comes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| energy transfer between trophic levels is? |
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Definition
| 10% efficient, 90% released as heat |
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Term
| plants absorb sunlight and generate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| growth, survival, reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| global electromagnetic energy converted to chemical energy |
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Term
| size of an ecosystem can be constrained by? |
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Definition
| light, lack of nitrogen, phosphorous |
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