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| Not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms |
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| the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions of about life |
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| The use of one's own culture as a yard-stick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors. |
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| The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next |
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| The material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, clothing, weapons, etc. |
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| "Symbolic Culture" --Group's way of thinking, beliefs, values, common patterns of behavior, etc. |
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| Somethingt to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others |
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| The ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another |
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| System of symbols, can represent objects as well as abstract thought |
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| Language creates ways of thinking and perceiving |
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| Standards by which people define desirable/undesirable, or good/bad |
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| Exceptions, or rules of behavior, that reflect/enforce rules |
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| Expressions of approval/disapproval |
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| Norms that are not strictly enforced |
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| Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought to be essential |
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| A norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated |
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| Values and related behaviors of a group that distinguishes members from the larger culture |
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| Groups views that go against the broader culture |
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| Society made up of many different groups |
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| Based on pasturing animals |
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| Cultivating plants by hand tools |
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| The first Social Rev. --domestication of plants/animals |
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| 2nd Social Rev. --invention of the plow |
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| Large scale agriculture, plows drawn by animals, source of food production |
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| 3rd Revolution, machines replace animals |
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| Society based on Information/services/technology |
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| Individuals who temporarily share the same space |
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| People who have similar characteristics |
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| Intimate, long-term, face to face association |
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| Larger, more anonymous or formal group |
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| goups we feel loyal towards |
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| groups toward which we feel antagonism |
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| Thought to have been raised by animals |
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| process by which people learn characteristics of their group |
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| Unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves from the outside |
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| Seeing yourself as you think others see you |
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| norms,values, expectations of others significant step in the development of self |
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| ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female |
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the intended beneficial consequences of peoples actions
Ex. reading/writing in school |
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Unintended beneficial consequences
Ex. social interaction at school |
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| The process of learning new norms, values, etc |
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| Position that someone occupies in society or a social group |
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| All the statuses or positions that an individual occupies |
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| Inherited positions or recieves involuntarily |
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| Earned, Accomplished, involves some effort of the individual |
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| items used to identify status |
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| Family,Religion,Education,Economy,Medicine,Politics,Law,Science,Military, Mass Media |
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Cooley, Thomas, Mead
Society is viewed as composed of symbols |
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| Society is composed of parts, each with a function that contributes to society's equilibrium |
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| Society is viewed as groups competing for scarce resources |
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| Degree to which people feel united by shared values/social bonds --social cohesion |
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| Surveys, Participant Observation, Secondary Analysis, Documents, Experiments, Unobstrusive Measures, |
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| Collection of data by asking people questions |
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| researcher participates in a research setting while observing what is happening |
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| use of control/experimental groups and variables |
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| Observing behavior of people who do not know they are being watched |
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