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| people are exposed to and effected by ideas. |
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| process by which machines and new forms of energy are applied to economic production |
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| what were the main concepts Karl Marx studied |
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| social and economic transformations caused by the shift of machine power to technology |
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| what were the 2 concepts Marx thought |
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*key elements of any society are economic systems, and class relationships
*struggle between social classes is the reality of social life |
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| struggle btwn. 2 social classes |
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| why did Weber disagree with Marx's views |
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| they were too narrow. Weber developed more elaborate analysis' |
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| what is rationalization descructive of? |
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| human needs and potentials |
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| what did Emile Durkheim believe |
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| society could not function without some sense of togetherness between citizens |
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| analizes each the role of each part of society |
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| described the sense of normlessness that effect moral society |
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| when a person's ties to a group are too strong |
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| under sonditions of normlessness |
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| when someone feels trapped and overregulated |
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| ability to take social context into account and to see behaviors as jointly produced by individual factors |
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| differences among societies in health, wealth, and education, access to technology, are not inevidable |
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| large, hierarchical organizations governed by explict rules |
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| what does culture do for our everyday lives? |
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| helps shape our perceptions and this determines the nature of the reality in which we live |
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| matters of etiquette, convention and custom |
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| strong moral content related to a culture's values |
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| social construction of reality |
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| how cultures are created and maintained |
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| a gap between the material and nonmaterial parts of culture |
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| the fututre will be shaped by the spread of tourism |
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| tech., econ integration, political frag, culture, ethnicity, madurnity, soc change, inequaltiy |
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| invented the science of sociology |
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| class conflict and inequality |
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| religion shaped capitolist rise |
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| How societies are held together, and anomie |
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| 4 central principals to rationalize beuraucratic |
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| efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control |
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| tangible and intangible elemetns that give shape and meaning to everyday lives to a goup of people. norms, technology, rituals, obejects. |
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| what is culture a basis for? |
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| community is based on common interests and experiences |
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| what is culture changed caused by |
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| discovery or invention and of elements. diffusion |
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| what can local cultures survive localization by |
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| affect culture. shared variations on overal culture. |
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| linked by shared circumstances |
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| what are the elements of culture? |
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material culture... see, touch, hear
nonmaterial culture.. tangible, infere through groups behavior |
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| incorporate the info accumulated through peoples sense and the knowledge that comes from others and form thinking about that info |
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attidues that describe moral
traditional american values
individualism and freedom
equality
achievement
efficiency and practicality
progress and technology
material success and consumerism
work and liesure |
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rules of conduce and codes of behavior
1. folkways... etiqutee, convention and custom
2. mores.. strong moral content
3. laws... formal norms, written organized and regularized behavir and social interactions |
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customary activites that signify a cultures beliefs
reaffirm its value and beliefs |
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| cultures tools and methods for producing the things we need |
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verbal, nonverbal, and visual language that allows members of a culture to convey meaning or thoughts
...must be a shared set of symbols: socially defined, learned community |
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| what is social constructon of reality |
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explain how cultures are created and maintained
beliefs of reality are products of our social experiencesw with others; reflect people around us |
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... interactive process.. "not a one way street"
process by which individual becomes apaprt of functioning society... learinging about norms, values and nonmateril and material elements
family, schools, peers, workplace, mass media, social institutions |
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| clusters of social structure, culture, and technology aimed to satisy human socal needs |
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| a person who is immerased in a different culture... culture shock |
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| what is cultural diffusion |
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process of importing material and nonmaterial cultur elements of one society to another
trade and migration |
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| gap between material and nonmaterial parts of cultur |
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| traditons and old assumptions about community based upon geographic location |
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