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Exam 1
Exam 1
59
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
02/17/2012

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Anthropology
Definition
The study of the cultural and biological variations among human groups
Term
Applied Anthropology
Definition
The use of anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems outside the academy
Term
Art
Definition
The elaboration of an act or a thing beyond the strictly utilitarian demands
Term
Archaeology
Definition
The branch of anthropology that investigates people of the past
Term
Artifact
Definition
Generally anything made by people
Term
Biological Anthropology
Definition
That branch of anthropology which focuses on the human body
Term
Biological Race
Definition
The illusion that humans can be subdivided into discrete races on the basis of physical attributes
Term
Cross-cultural studies
Definition
Comparison of traits between different cultures
Term
Cultuarl Anthropology
Definition
The study of the cultures of living peoples
Term
Cultural Relativity
Definition
The principles that each culture has its own moral integrity and should not be judged by the standards of other cultures
Term
Cultural Themes
Definition
Basic organizing priniciples evedent in variuos culture practices
Term
Cultural Race
Definition
The cultural ideas that people have in thier minds about how humans are divided into significant and discrete groups
Term
Culture-neutral Terms
Definition
Words that can be used to describe behavior in another culture without carrying to many of the meanings over from the first language
Term
Culture-specific Terms
Definition
Words in one language referring to concepts that are so particular to that culture that they cannot be usefully translated
Term
Conversation Analysis
Definition
The detailed anaysis of how people actually speak with each other
Term
Discourse Analysis
Definition
See Conversation Analysis
Term
Display Rules
Definition
Cultuarl norms about how emotions should be shown or not shown
Term
Emic
Definition
Ideas, categories, and explinations of the people themselves
Term
Emblem
Definition
A hand gesture that has a specific meaning
Term
Emotions
Definition
Certain breif responses to an event
Term
Enculturation
Definition
Learning of cultural patterns during childhood
Term
Ethical Dilemma
Definition
Situation where one's own personal interests conflict with the broader professional standards
Term
Ethnicity
Definition
A person's cultural identity
Term
Ethnoarchaeology
Definition
The attempt to understand the meanings of the artifacts that they excavate by studying the way contemporary peoples produce and use similar artifacts
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The use of one;s own cultural values, models, and categories to understand and judge nes culture
Term
Ethnographic Present
Definition
Describing a culture as it was before some particular outside intrusion began to modernize it
Term
Ethnography
Definition
The branch of anthropology which studies particular cultures
Term
Ethnology
Definition
The anthropological compaisons of culture
Term
Ethnopsychology
Definition
Cultural schemas about psychology that are held by a people
Term
Etic
Definition
The use of culture-neutral terms and categories to describe a culture
Term
Fieldwork
Definition
reaserch, usually involving living in the midst of a social group
Term
Going Native
Definition
When a researcher slips from being a researcher of a culture and becomes an individual in the new culture that was being studied
Term
Groupism
Definition
The principle that a person's primary identity is as the memeber of a social network, instead of as an individual
Term
Kinesis
Definition
The study of how the body is used in communication
Term
Indigenous Psychology
Definition
The culture-specific schemes, theories,explinations, and unerstanding of mental processes held by the people
Term
Individualism
Definition
Emphasis on a person as independent
Term
Intelligence
Definition
A complex bundle of skills and abilities
Term
Linguistic Anthropology
Definition
The branch of anthropology which particularly concerned with language
Term
Material Culture
Definition
The artifacts and other objects made and used by people in accord with thier cultural schemas
Term
Morpheme
Definition
Like a word or a suffix, a group of phonemes that conveys meaning
Term
Multiple Intelligences
Definition
The idea that the intelligence of any one person can be considered as made up of several different factors
Term
Othering
Definition
The ethnocentric process of demonizing people of other cultures
Term
Paleoanthropology
Definition
The barnch of anthropology which studies fossil remains
Term
Paleontology
Definition
The study of the past through examination of fossil remains
Term
Paralanguage
Definition
Those channels of communication that are used along with language features in the narrow sense
Term
Participant Observation
Definition
A research method that takes fieldwork a step further and actually joining in the life and work of the people
Term
Phoneme
Definition
The sound that makes a difference in the meaning of a word
Term
Phonology
Definition
The study of the sound system of a language
Term
Primatologist
Definition
Someone who studies nonhuman primates
Term
Psychological Anthropology
Definition
That branch of anthropology which focuses on cognition, perception,and emotion
Term
Race
Definition
A group of people with the same physical attributes
Term
Rapport
Definition
The relation of trust and friendship that anthropologists try to develop with the people they are studying
Term
Reflexivity
Definition
Acknowledgeing the presence of the researcher and attempting to evaluate the effect of such intrusion
Term
Social Anthropology
Definition
Branch of Cultural Anthropology, focuses more on kinship and political relationships
Term
Syncretism
Definition
The incorporation of traits from another culture into a pattern of a culture
Term
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Definition
Theory based on that the features of a language shape the way in wich its speakers percive and act in the world
Term
Semantics
Definition
The meanings of words
Term
Sociolinguistics
Definition
The study of how a language is actually used in interactive social settings
Term
Swastika
Definition
A name for one of the oldest and most widespread symbols
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