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| provide scaffolds to guide growth neurons, support mature neurons, wrap around neurons as insulators to stop electronic interference, + release chemicals to influence neuron's grouth and function |
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| brain cell w/ 2 specialized extensions. one for receiving electric signals, other for transmitting signals |
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-small wrinkled melon
- weighs 1,350
pinkish color and consistency firm jello |
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| how thinking, learning, feeling be explained by chemical and electrical activites of brain |
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| large part neuron, provides fuel, makes chemicals, and maintians |
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| branches on body, recieve signals and pass to cell body |
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| thread part neuron, carries signals to other neurons, organs or muscles |
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| fatty material around axon, prevents interfence other electric signals |
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| tiny bubbles end axon, stores chemicals (neurotransmitters), used to communicate w/ other cells |
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| small space between neurons |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| nerves throughout body except brain and spine. can be reattached. |
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| stringlike bundles axons and dendrites from spinal cord. carry info from senses, skin, muscles. |
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| made of neurons in brain and spinal cord. spinal cord made of neurons and bundles of axons and dendrites |
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| disease that attacks myelin sheaths in CNS |
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| chemical messenger carries info between nerves and body organs, like muscles and heart |
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| different chemicals made by neurons and used for communication between neurons during mental or physical activities |
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| brain's own painkiller. secreted to decrease senses of pain, like during accidents |
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| neurotransmitter similiar to THC, main ingredient in weed. affect memory, motor coord, adn emotions |
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| gas acts like neurotransmitter, regulates emotions, like fighitng |
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| born w/ almost no brain, couldn't think, talk, reason or plan. survived 9 days cuz primitive part brain survived. right above spinal cord, regulates breathing, blood pressure and heart rate |
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| fertilized egg. 46 chromosomes in 23 cells |
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| short structure that contains DNA. each cell of body has 46 |
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| Sott issue. inherited development disability due to issue in X chromosome. results in physical shanges, like big head + protruding ears, and mental retardation |
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| Lucy: 3 mya. more like apes. Homo Erectus: skull 2x Lucy. 1 1/2 mya. added meat to diet. tools. Homo Sapiens: 3x size Lucy's. |
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| magnetic resonance imaging. pass nonharmful radio frequencies in brain. computer shows how signals interact with brain cells and transform into image. used to study structure brain. |
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| "functional" measures activity specific neurons during cognitive tasks, like thinking, listening or reading |
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| positron emisssion tomography. inject radioactive solution into blood, then measure amount radiation absorbed by neurons. very active neurons absorb more, vice versa. |
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| network nerves connect sensory receptors to muscles that move voluntarily. |
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| regulates heart rate, breathing, blood pressure |
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| thin layer cells cover surface forebrain. majority of neurons in cortex |
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| personality, emotions, and motor behaviors |
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| perception and sensory experiences. touching, locate position limbs, feel temp, attend and perceive objects |
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| processing visual information |
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| being born little or no brain. survival time limited. |
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| railroad accident, iron rod through frontal lobe. personality changed |
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| narrow strip on back edge frontal lobe, initiates voluntary movements |
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| front edge of parietal lobe, process info on touch, location limbs, pain and temp. |
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| top edge temporal lobes, receives electrical signals from ears and transforms into meaningless sound sensations |
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| area in frontal love, combines sounds into words and arranges into meaningful sentences |
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| damage to broca's area. person cannot speak in fluent sentences but can understand written and spoken word |
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| left temporal lobe. needed to speak in sentences and understand speech. |
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| difficulty understanding spoken or written word and difficulty in putting words into meaningful sentences |
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| individual can't recognize objects, persons or colors, yet has ability to see and even describe pieces and parts of image |
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| failure to see objects or parts of one side, opposite brain damage. |
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| group of 1/2 dozen interconnected structures that make up core of forebrain. regulate motivational behaviors like obtaining food, drink + sex/ organize emotional behaviors like fear, anger/ storing memories |
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| regulate motivation behaviors: eat, drink, sex/ emotional behaviors/ secretion hormones |
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| tip temporal lobe, receives input all senses. evaluates emotional significance of stimuli and facial expressions |
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| temporal lobe, saves fleeting memories by putting in storage in diff. parts brain |
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| receives sensory info, processes, and relays to areas of cortex, like somatosensory cortex, auditory and visual |
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| Describe, Explain (the cause), Predict, COntrol |
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| william wundt. study basic elements, mostly sensations, perceptions |
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| study functions rather than structure, how minds adapt to changing environments. WIlliam James |
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| perception more than sum parts and studies sensations, how made into meaningful perceptual experiences. Max Wertheimer |
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| emphasize objective, scientifil analysis of observable behaviors. john watson |
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| Ina. 10% at 50, 90% after 65. initial symptoms issues with memory, cognitive deficits. 5-10 years, intense memory loss, lack recognize family, deteriate personality, emotional outbursts. lots damage hippocampus. Multiplying proteins and peptides cause it. |
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| strong emotions, opens lock and turns on neurons |
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| block chemical locks. turns off neurons |
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