Term
| anchoring and adjustment heuristic |
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Definition
| a mental shortcut through which people begin with a rough estimation as a starting point and then adjust this estimate to take into account unique characteristics of the present situation |
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Definition
| theories designed to explain how people determine the causes of behavior |
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Definition
| the judgmental rule that states that is an event occurs despite the presence of strong opposing forces, we should give more weight to those possible causes that lead toward the event |
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Definition
| a mental shortcut through which one estimated the likelihood of an extent by the ease with which instances of that event come to mind |
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Term
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Definition
| a mental shortcut used to make a judgement |
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Term
| correspondence bias (fundamental attribution error) |
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Definition
| the tendency for observers to overestimate the causal influence of personality factors on behavior and to underestimate the causal role of situational influences |
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Term
| correspondent inference theory |
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Definition
| the theory that proposes that people determine whether a behavior corresponds to an actor's internal disposition by asking whether (1) the behavior was intended, (2) the behavior's consequences were foreseeable, (3) the behavior was freely chosen, and (4) the behavior occured despite countervailing forces |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that proposes that people determine the cause of an actor's behavior by assessing whether other people act in similar ways (consensus), the actor behaves similarly in similar situations (distinctiveness), and the actor behaves similarly in the same situation (consistency). |
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Term
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Definition
| the judgemental rule that states that as the number of possible causes for an event increases, our confidence that any particular cause in the true one should decrease |
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Definition
| the judgement that a person's behavior has been caused by an aspect of that person;s personality |
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Term
| downward social comparison |
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Definition
| the process of comparing ourselves with those who are less well off |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others agree with us |
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Term
| representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
| a mental shortcut through which people classify something as belonging to a certain category to the extent that it is similar to a typical case from that category |
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Term
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Definition
| when an initially inaccurate expectation leads to actions that cause the expectation to come true |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to take personal credit for our successes and to blame external factors for our failures |
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Definition
| the process of thinking about and making sense of oneself and others |
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Definition
| the process of comparing ourselves with those who are better off |
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