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Exam 1
N/A
49
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
05/08/2011

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Government
Definition
Institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled
Term
to provide Public Goods, Services, and Public Order, Promote Liberty and Ensure Equality
Definition

What are the 3 primary purposes of government?

 

Other purposes?

 

Term
Autocracy
Definition

 

A system of government by one person with absolute power.

Term
Oligarchy
Definition
A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
 Favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom
Term
Direct Democracy
Definition
a government system allowing all citizens to vote directly on laws and policies
Term
Representative Democracy
Definition
a government system that gives individual citizens the regular opportunity to elect government officials to represent them in decision making.
Term
Political Ideology
Definition
a cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about the role of government
Term
Cultural Liberty
Definition
value individual freedom, civil right
Term
Cultural Order
Definition
support strong law and order measures, advocate for traditional family values
Term
Economic Equality
Definition
advocate government action to ensure equality of opportunity
Term
Economic Liberty
Definition
support of lasseiz-faire economics
Term
Liberals
Definition
Favor Cultural Liberty and Economic Equality
Term
Conservatives
Definition
Favor Cultural Order and Economic Liberty
Term
Statist
Definition
Favor Economic Equality and Cultural Order
Term
Libertarian
Definition
Favor Economic Liberty and Cultural Liberty
Term
British granted a monopoly to the East India Trading Company
Definition
What was the Boston Tea Party and what was it in response to?
Term

Influenced Second Continental Congress

to Convene a committee to draft a Declaration

Definition
What role did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense play in the drive towards Revolution?
Term

Based on John Locke’s Social Contract

Asserted unalienable rights

Definition
What idea is the Declaration of Independence based on?
Term

Unalienable Rights

Definition

Rights could not be abridged by government-government by the people

Citizens have the power to remove government 

Term

Articles of Confederation.

 

Created a Confederation

Definition

Following the Revolution, what was America’s first Constitution called? What kind of

government did it establish?

Term
Confederation
Definition
A system of government in which states retain ultimate sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government
Term
Limited the power of the National Government. Put power in the hands of the States.
Definition
Why was a confederation chosen as America’s first form of government?
Term
Unicameral Congress with limited powers. No executive branch
Definition
How was the “national” government structured under the Articles?
Term
The Annapolis Convention - convened in 1786 in Annapolis, Maryland
Definition
What Conference was held to identify the flaws in the Articles?
Term
Highlighted the weaknesses of state governments
Definition

What significance did Shay’s

rebellion have in pushing the framers to scrap the Articles and start fresh with the Constitution?

Term

Representation,

Slavery,

Balance excessive democracy with excessive government

Definition
Which three issues did the Framers struggle over during the Constitutional Convention?
Term

Virginia PlanBicameral legislature,

Representation based on population. 

New Jersey PlanUnicameral legislature,

Representation equal for each state

Definition

What two plans were put forward at the Convention regarding the structure of the new

Congress and each state’s representation within?

Term

Connecticut (Great) Compromise

Bicameral legislature

Definition
What compromise over representation was ultimately reached?
Term

Upper House: Equal representation, Selected by state legislatures, Serve longer terms

Lower House: Based on population, Elected by popular vote, Serve shorter terms

Definition

How was the new Congress

structured under the Great Compromise and what was the rationale behind it?

Term
North-anti slavery + South-pro slavery
Definition
Why was the issue of slavery not put to rest at the Constitutional Convention?
Term

3/5's Compromise: Southern states would be allowed to count three-fifths of their slaves for purposes of representation

Definition

What deal was struck with Southern states in determining the counting of slaves for purposes of representation?

Term

Bicameral legislature, Checks and balances

Staggered terms for legislators, Indirect elections of the president

Definition
What primary mechanisms were added to the Constitution to prevent excessive democracy?
Term
House
Definition

Representation based on population, serve 2 year terms, Elected directly by the people, Designed to be directly responsive to the people*

Term
Senate
Definition

 

2 Senators per state, serve 6 year terms, Selected by state legislatures*, Intended to be resistant to popular pressure, Power to curb excessive popular democracy

 

Term
Elastic Clause
Definition
Article I, Section VIII of the Constitution states that Congress shall have the power "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution...powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States."
Term
Expressed Powers
Definition
Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution. Those delegated powers of the National Government that are spelled out in the constitution; also called the "enumerated powers"
Term
Checks and Balances
Definition
the mechanism through which each branch is able to participate in and influence the activities of the other branches
Term
Separation of Powers
Definition
Division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision-making
Term
Amendments
Definition
changes added to a bill, law or constitution
Term
Implied Powers
Definition
Those powers that are not specifically expressed, but are inferred through interpretation of the Elastic Clause
Term
Reserved Powers
Definition
All powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states
Term
Police Powers
Definition

Power to create and enforce criminal codes, To administer health and safety rules, To regulate family, via marriage and divorce laws, Regulate livelihoods, Power to define private property

Term
Federalism
Definition
A system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments, Balance between unitary and confederation
Term
Use of the Necessary and Proper Clause to expand national government power
Definition

What role did McCulloch v. Maryland play in defining the implied powers of the national

government?

Term
Dual Federalism
Definition
System of government in which the most fundamental powers are shared between the national and state governments
Term
Cooperative Federalism
Definition
Type of federalism in which grants-in-aid are used to strategically encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals, Blurred the once-clear line between state and national government powers
Term
Soveriegn Spheres
Definition

National government concentrated on issues of commerce, None of the national governments policies directly coerced citizens

Term
Grants-in-aid
Definition
Allowed the national government to provide states with money in exchange for states giving up powers
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