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Definition
| The institutions and processes throught which public policies are made for a society |
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| 5 Main Functions of Gov't |
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Definition
-Maintain a national defense
-Provide public services
-Preserve order
-Socialize the young
-Collect taxes
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| Maintain a National Defense |
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| Gov't protects its national sovereignty, usually by maintaining armed forces and controlling large scale wepons |
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Definition
schools, libraries, halfway houses, highways, parks
all are known as public goods |
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| Goods such as clean air and clean water that everyone must share |
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| Gov't maintains order by using the national guard or employing a police force |
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| modern gov't pay for education and use it to instill national values among the young. Create a sense of morals, patriotism, and good will toward others |
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| the process that determines who we select as our gov't leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. Politics produces authoritative decisions about public issues |
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| the process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. People's interests, problems, and concerns create political issies for gov't policymakers. These issues shape policy, which in turn impacts people, generating more interests, problems, and concerns |
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Definition
| the political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. In the US linkage institutions include elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media |
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| The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually ivolved in politics at an given point in time. |
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| An issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it |
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Term
| Policy making institutions |
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Definition
| The branches of gov't charged with taking action on political issues. The US constitution established three policymaking institutions - the congress, the president, an dthe courts. Todays the power of the bureaucracy is so great that most politcal scientists consider it a 4th policymaking institution |
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Definition
| A choice that Gov't makes in responcse to a political issue. A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem. |
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Term
| Policymaking Institutions Cycle |
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Definition
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| a systemof selecting policymakers and of organizing governemnt so that policy represtnts and responds to the public's preferences |
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| A fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. In a democracy, choosing among alternatives requies that the majority's desire be respected |
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| Traditional democratic theory |
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Definition
-Equity in voting: 'one person, one vote' voting must be representative
-Effective partciaption: citizens must have adequate and equal opportunities to express their preferences throughout decision-making process
-Citizen control of the agenda: people have collective right to equally control gov't policy agenda
-Enlightened understanding: free press and free speech to promote marketplace of ideas
-Inclusion: must include and extend rights to all those subject to gov't laws |
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| principle of TDT that describes the relationship between the few leaders and the many followers |
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| principle of TDT that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majoritites and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned arguement |
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| Theory of gov't and politics emphasizing tht politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies |
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| A theory of gov't and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper class elite will rule, regardless of the fomal niceties of gov't organization |
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| Throry of gov't and politics contending that groups are so strong tha tgov't is weakened. Hyperpluralism is an extreme, exaggerated, or perverted form of pluralism |
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| a condition that occurs when no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy. the result is that nothing may get done |
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| an overall set of values widely shard within a society |
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Definition
| the sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation |
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