As a nurse you have a role to do before giving drugs to patients. In addition to the five rights name some other things you should do before administering a new drug to a pt

Pre evaluating the pt, knowing the side effects, and searching for drug interactions are all things that should be done before _______.

In this phase of drug development, there is animal testing, and petri dishes, and a lot of looking at drugs and animals.

That happens in the Pre-Clinical Phase of Development.

What happens in Phase I of clinicical trials?

This phase of clinical trials is where they test the drug on normal folks just to see what deadly does is.

Phase II of clinical drug testing is special because ...

It is a single blind trial but has a testing

group of 100-300 subjects

This type of drug  clinical trial is  a DOUBLE BLIND study with an N of 1000 - 3000 participants.

Phase III trials use this number of participants and is _____ Blind. Meaning that no one knows who is getting the real stuff and who is getting placebos.

Even though drugs are tested on THOUSANDS of people before they go to market, why are they still not 100% safe or predictable?

You have more than one afflicition? I'm sorry, that is just too realistic and might make our drug look bad. We can't use you.

This is the pharmokinetic stage where drugs move from the site of action to the blood.

How would you define the absorption stage of pharmokinesis?

The rate of absorption determines what affect of the drug?

On the other hand, the amount of absorption determines what affect of the drug?

If you want to know how fast a drug will take before onset of action, look at the _____

But on the other hand, if you want to know how strong the affect of the drug will be, you should check out the ___

True /False. The Route of drug admission can have both positive and negative effects.

Hint: Its true. Now tell me what they are for
Oral, IM/Subq, IV, Topical

___ administered drugs are easy and convenient.

___        "            "    leach slowly into the blood stream

___        "            "      work instantly and can be 

                                 controlled tightly but are non

                                - reversible

___        "            "    are slow acting and difficult to 

                               precisely measure

____ is the movement of drugs throughout the body.

What is the definition of pharm' distribution

What are three things that affect distribution?

These three things are important to what pharmokinetic thingy?

Blood flow -abcesses and tumors diviate the flow

Ability to exit vessels - capillary beds are leaky but

                   only lipid soluable drugs pass thru the BBB

Where does metabolism take place?

The liver is in charge of what pharmokinetic process?

Phase I reactions consist of three things.

A substrate, an Metabolizer (Cytochrome p450), and a Metabolite

If you were going to draw a Phase One reaction what would be your best bet as a metabolizer?

How do phase two reactions differ from phase one?

Phase Two reactions are different from Phase One because ____  reactions do not create an intermediate metabolite to get the desired effects.

What are the factors that affect metabolism?

There are about five, but if you can come up with four off the cuff I'd say you're in good shape.

Age (don't get old)

Disease (hepatitus sucks)

Nutrition (protiens keep toxicity down)

Genetics

Drug induced changes.

What part of pharmokinetics do these affect?

Say you want to take a drug that will make sense of smell better, but you are only willing to take it once a day because Superhuman Smell will never get you into the Justice League. A drug with a (high? or low?) past effect would probably be best.

Extra points if you know what the Justice League is.

Drugs with low ___  ___ effects are convenient because you dont have to take them as often as drugs with high ones. IE Sublingual Nitroglycerin

 A couple of things happen when a drug gets metabolized.

Choose the best answer regarding

     Excretion : Faster or slower?

     Inertness : Active or Inactive

     *Therapeutic Action : increased or decreased

     *Toxicity : Increased or decreased

Excretion is Faster

Inertness increases

For therapeutic action and toxicity, these are both dependent on the type of drug and whether its the substrate or metabolite that is more toxic

____ is the removal of a drug from the body and is usually done through this organ.

Elimination is _______ and is usually completed by the kidneys

Basically, the key to elimination is GFR

But just as you think you are all good and done, this lil protien sucks the drug right back into the blood stream

P-glycoprotein can pull stuff back into the blood stream. so watch out.