Term
| Who is the father of Microbiology, who first viewed "animalcules" (protozoa)? |
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Definition
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The cell diameter of a Protozoa is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Cell diameter for Algae is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Cell diameter for Fungi is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Cell diameter for Bacteria is? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment (test hypothesis)
Intepretation
Conclusion (approve/disprove) |
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Term
| What is the doctrine that "lifeless substances give rise to living organisms"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What experiment was Francesco Redi famous for, and what period? |
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Definition
1670
Fransesco Redi demonstrated that maggots appearing "spontaneously" on old meat required the presence of flies |
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Term
| What Experiment was Needham famous for and what period? |
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Definition
1748
Mutton Gravy in two flasks (Animalcules arise from spontaneous generation) |
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Term
| What was Needham's experiment design mistake? |
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Definition
1) Air is full of Microorganisms
2) Air is needed for life
3) Heating the air to kill the microorganisms may be removing some vital "force" |
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Term
| Who criticized Needham's work by using boiled infusions and heat-sealed glass vials using 4 Flasks with Mutton gravy? |
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Definition
| Lazarro Spallanzani (1767) |
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Term
| What did Needham counter to Spallanzani's criticism? |
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Definition
| Spallanzani destroyed the vital force of life by excessive heating |
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Term
| What is the vital force of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who invented a cure for Puerperal fever (childbed fever)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who used variolation to find a vaccine for cowpox? |
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Definition
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Term
| John Snow was famous for what? |
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Definition
1854
Removed the street pump handle to start personal hygeine
(Epidemiology) |
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Term
| Who disproved Spontaneous generation? |
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Definition
Louis Pasteur (1870)
microorganisms DO NOT arise from lifeless objects |
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Term
| Who thought of the GERM THEORY OF DISEASE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who proved that yeast makes wine from grapes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed vaccine for rabies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed immunization techniques for chicken cholera and cholera? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who PROVED the Germ theory of disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four Koch's postulates? |
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Definition
-1. Always observe organisms in diseased animals
-2. Isolate organism in pure culture
-3. Inoculate healthy animal and recreate the disea
-4. ReIsolate the organism |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Koch's postulates? |
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Definition
| A sequence of experimental steps to relate a specific microbe to a specific disease |
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Term
| Who developed "pure culture technique"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some ways to reduce transmission of infectious diseases? |
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Definition
- sterile practices in hospitals
- pasteurization of dairy products
- insect control
- care in preparation of food
- sanitation improvements
- personal hygeine
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Term
| When is the Classical Golden Age of Microbiology? |
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Definition
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Term
When is the Second Golden Age of Microbiology?
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Definition
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Term
When is the Third Golden Age of Microbiology?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most successful organism on the planet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Microbes produce what amount of the oxygen we breathe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the average human cell diameter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Cyanobacterium is responsible for 50% for the photosynthesis in open oceans? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bacteria are ON and "IN" your body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who developed the five-kingdom system, giving bacteria their own kingdom? |
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Definition
| Robert H. Whittaker and Lynn Margulis |
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Term
| The Three-Domain system includes... |
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Definition
| Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea |
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Term
| Fungi Eukaryotes are composed of two groups... |
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Definition
Yeast (single cells)
Molds (multicellular) |
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Term
| Most bacterial and archaeal cells are how long? |
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Definition
| 1 - 5 micrometers in length |
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Term
| What domain contains some of the best studied prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tend to grow in hot, acidic, environments such as hot springs and volcanic vents? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Eukaryotes chemotax? |
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Definition
| Spatial Sensing (take measurements at different ends of the cell simutaneously and move towards) |
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Term
| How do Prokaryotes chemotax? |
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Definition
| Temperal Sensing (take measurements of the concentration of a substance at two different time points) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the protective coat around cells in the Glycocalix? |
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Definition
A .Prevents dehydration
B .Prevents nutrients from flowing away
C .Prevents phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome by phagocytes andprotists. |
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Term
| Who determined the structure of the DNA molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| not essential for replication or normal survival (extra chromosomal bacteria DNA) |
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Term
| What is the process of polypeptide chain (protein) |
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Definition
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Term
| What copies genetic information into RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme sythesizes RNA from DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1976 the penecillin resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an example of what type of mutation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inward pinching of hte cell membrane and cell wall that seperates the cell into two genetically identical cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most bacteria grow at what pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What temperature does mesophiles grow best at? |
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Definition
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Term
| What prokaryotic cell grows best at 40 - 70 degrees C? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the optimal growth temperature for hyper - thermophiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| The loss of fitness in Prokaryotes is defined as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five Catabolic Processes? |
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Definition
Glycolysis
Kreb's Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation |
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Term
| When is the ATP bond holding the last phosphate group on the molecule broken, producing: adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + free phosphate group |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first stage of energy extraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose ---- Pyruvic Acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyruvic Acid ------- CO2? |
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Definition
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Term
| NADH/O2 --------- ATP/NAD/H20? |
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Definition
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Term
| What is terminal Electron Acceptor? |
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Definition
| When oxygen is the last molecule that accepts electrons |
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Term
| What is the purpose of ATP synthase? |
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Definition
| harnesses the energy as protons are passed by phosphorylating ADP into ATP |
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Term
| What is it called when you have a set of Glycolysis, kreb's cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation? |
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Definition
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