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| An integrative discipline -intergrating elements from human and environmental systems. Geography means 'description of the earth' |
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| 'Global neighborhoods' - each have its own identity. |
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| The focus of space and place. i.e. - The spatial structure of cities, the layout of farms and fields, the networks of transportation... |
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| The regional concept based on spatial criteria |
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| Regions have greater similarities and common characteristics |
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| A type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; also called uniform region or homogeneous region |
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| a region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal structure; because it usually focuses on a central node. |
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| a region marked less by its sameness than its dynamic internal structure; because it usually focuses on a central node |
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where people are being pulled from.
example....dorm room---->classroom |
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| determined by latitude and longitude |
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| the north and south pole. not perpindicular to the sun. |
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| half a sphere...northen and southern. divided by equator. |
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| Lines of latitude are parallels that are aligned east-west across the globe, from 0 degrees a tthe quator to 90 North and south latitude a the poles. |
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| position on earth from east to west |
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| the meridian (line of longitude) passing through the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Greenwich, England; it is the meridian at which longitude is 0 degrees. It is sometimes referred to as the Greenwich Meridian. |
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| one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. This is the parallel of latitude that runs 23° 26' 22" north of the Equator, and is the farthest northern latitude at which the sun can appear directly overhead |
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| This is the parallel of latitude that runs 66° 33' 38" north of the Equator. |
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| the parallel of latitude that runs 23° 26' 22" south of the Equator, and is the farthest southern latitude at which the sun can appear directly overhead. |
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| It is the parallel of latitude 66° 33' 38" south of the equator. Everywhere within the Antarctic Circle there is at least one day of the year for which the Sun is above the horizon for 24 continuous hours. |
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| The position of one place w/ respect to another place or set of places |
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| central zone of highest concentration and greatest homogeneity |
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| zone of least intensity but still recognizible |
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| The three general areas of earth's physical environment |
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| Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere |
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| Push, move and raise earth's surface |
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| Scour wash and wear down earth's surface |
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| paritally molten and pliable region |
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| Broken number of rigid plates |
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| The slow movement of continents controlled by the processes associated with plate tectonics |
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| Super continent that broke up over time |
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| The names of the two super continents that broke |
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| What type of evidence proves the Pangaea theory? |
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| Older, thicker, more buoyant lithospheric plate |
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| Lithospheric plate more dense then a continental plate. |
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| What are the two types of Lithospheric plates? |
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| Continental and Oceanic plates |
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| What does divergent plate movement do and cause? |
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| They diverge (move away from eachother) causing sea floor spreading or mid-oceanic ridges and a new oceanic floor. |
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| What does Transform plate movement do and cause? |
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| Slides creating faults, earthquakes and tsunamis |
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| A seismic sea wave. NOT a tidal wave. |
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| What does convergent plate boundaries do and cause |
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| They move toward eachother creating subduction zones, volcanic activity. |
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| The long term pattern in temperature and moisture causing animals and plants to adapt is known as what? |
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| What occurs in the northern hemisphere turning the east coast tide warm and west coast cold. |
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| What are the three subdivisions climates of the humid equatorial (A)? |
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| Tropical rainforest (Af), Tropical Savanna(Aw), and Tropical Monsoon. |
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| List three characteristics of the Tropical Rainforest (Af) in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| High temperature all year round, no dry season and heavy rain all year round. Vegetation includes broadleaf and evergreen. Located in Northwest pacific coast and south and central America, mostly along equator. |
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| List three characteristics of the Tropical Savanna (Aw) in terms of temperature, precipitation,vegetation and location. |
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| "Long rains and short rains" Dry winter. Located in India, Mexico and Australia. |
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| List three characteristics of the Tropical Monsoon(Am) in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| Short Dry season followed by monsoon. Located in INdia, coastal area of west africa and south east asia. |
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| What are the two subdivions of the Dry Climates (B)? |
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| Deserts (BW) and Steppe (BS) |
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| List three characteristics of the deserts (BW) in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| Thin and poorly devoloped soils called ardisols. Located in North Africa, Australia, Southeast and East Asia, West Costal area of south american and America. |
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| List three characteristics of the Steppe (BS) in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| Winters are very cold and summers are hot. 10-30 inches of rain per year. Vegetation includes grasslands. Soil is caled mollisol. located in NOrth American and Europe. |
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| What are the three subdivions of the Humid Temperate Climates (C)? |
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| Mediterranean (Cs), Humid Subtropical (Cfa & Cwa) and Marine WEst Coast (Cfb) |
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| List three characteristics of the Mediterranean Climate (Cs) in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| 17 inches of rain per year. Summers are hot and dry. Located in south western tips of Australia, Africa and southern cali. |
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| What type of climate is found in western America, west coast of South America? Its very hot in the summer and has plains and rocky hills. |
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Definition
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| List three characteristics of the Humid Subtropical (Cfa & Cwa) in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| 32- 64 degrees. 30-65 inches of rain. located in western side of subtropical. i.g. houston and china. Vegetation includes broadleaf and evergreen. |
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| List three characteristics of the Marine West Coast (Cfb) in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| Summers are cool, mild winters 25-40 inches of rain. Located in Western side of continents. Vegetation includes Broadleaf and needleleaf. |
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| List the two subdivisions of the Humid cold (D) Climates. |
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| Humid Continental (Dfa & Dfb), Subarctic (Dfc &Dwc). |
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| List three characteristics of the Humid Continental in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| Humid Continental (Dfa & Dfb), 20-50 inches of rain. Cold winters, hot summers. Located in Northern Hemisphere (connecticut, New England) Vegetation includes needleleaf, mixed forests, grass, and deciduous forests. Alfisil soil, - rich in nutrients. |
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| List three characteristics of the Subarctic in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| Largest temp range. -14-74 degrees. Summers and short and cool, winters are cold and long. Located in Central and western Alaska, Canada and Russia. The Taiga gets as cold as -65. |
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| List the two Subdivisions of The Cold Polar Climates. |
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| List three characteristics of the Tundra in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| -94-54 degrees. 10-12 inches of rain per year. Barely any vegetation besides wild flowers and shrubs. Soils are called spodosols. |
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| List three characteristics of the Ice Cap in terms of temperature, precipitation, vegetation and location. |
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| Less then 5 inches per year. All monthes below 0 degrees. Located in Antarctica and Greenland. No vegetaion. Glaciars located here. |
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| Patterns of learned behavior transfered from generation to generation is known as what? |
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| Large segments of the earth's surface having same broad culture complexes is known as what? |
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| What are the three Cultural Subsystems? |
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| Technological, sociological and ideological. |
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| Modification of the earth's surface by human action is called what? |
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| What are the three main aspects of culture? |
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| Language, Religion, and Ethnicity. |
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| What are the three periods of population growth? |
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| Negligible growth (prior 8000 BC), slow groth (8000 BC - 1750), very brief period of rapid growth |
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| What is the cause of the very rapid growth? |
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Definition
| The industrial revolution |
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| Population growth impacts what? |
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| The ratio of resources to population and the age/sex distribution |
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| What has changed in world fertility rates? |
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Definition
| Steadily declined over 40 years. |
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| What does the population pyramid do? |
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| Summarizes growth patterns of regions |
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| What is the dependency ratio? |
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#people X <15 - X>65
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#people 15-65 |
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| What are the three major population clusters? |
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| East Asia, South Asia, Europe |
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| The habitable portions of the Earth's surface where permanent human settlement have arisen |
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| A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign gov't and recognized by a signifigant portion of international community is known as a what? |
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| What is the World Trade Organization |
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| An organization charged w/ enforcing global trade policies. |
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| What is the free trade Association? |
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Definition
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| The world bank classification is based on what? |
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| Countries' gross national product or GNP. |
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| Harvested directly from the earth |
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| add value by transforming into something useful |
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| What is the largest economic sector? |
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| The gradual reduction of regional contrasts at the worlld scale, resulting from increasing internation culture, economic and political exchanges. |
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| The elimiination of foreign economic domination, self-sufficiency, and redistribution of political and economic power constitute what? |
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| The Soviet development model. |
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