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Exam 1
n/a
28
Criminology
Undergraduate 4
09/21/2011

Additional Criminology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
exclusionary rule
Definition

Mapp v Ohio

 

-evidence collected or analyzed in violation of defendent's constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissable for criminal prosecution

Term
fruits of the poisonous tree
Definition
evidence obtained as a result of an earlier illegality must be excluded from trial
Term
inevitable discovery
Definition

Nix v. Williams

 

if illegally obtained evidence would in all likelihood eventually have been discovered legally - it may be used

Term
exigent circumstances
Definition

New York v. Quarles

 

no time to get a warrant, search must be performed

Term
Terry v. Ohio
Definition

stop and frisk

 

-a frisk is warranted if officers believe that the person they have stopped might be armed and dangerous

Term
plain feel
Definition

MN v. Dickerson

 

if officer pats down and identifies contraband--warrantless seizure is justified

Term
plain smell
Definition

US v. Lueck

 

-sense other than sight or touch identifies contraband

Term
curtilage
Definition
area to which extends the intimate activity associated with sanctity of someone's home and privacies of life
Term
fingerprinting
Definition

1) latent---visible/invisible that leaves residues

 

2) visible--dirty or stained

 

3) plastic--grease, plastic, butter, soap impressions

Term
individual v. class characteristics
Definition

ind. --specific to certain things, ie wear patterns in screw driver

 

class--- size, brand, style

Term
Miranda
Definition

Miranda v. Arizona

 

right to remain silent, right to an attorney

-warning must be given to every suspect interrogated while in a custodial setting

Term
interview v. interrogation
Definition

interview: more conversational, beginning stages, open ended questions

 

interrogation: person is a suspect, investigator dominates convo

Term
use of excessive force
Definition

Tennessee v. Garner- deadly force as a defense of life

Graham v. Connor- use of force must be objectively reasonable

Term
surveillance
Definition

objective is covert, discreet observation of people and places

 

types:

1) stationary

2) moving

3) aerial

4) video/electronic

Term
pretext stops
Definition

Whren v. US

 

officers can stop vehicles to allay suspicions even though no evidence of criminal behavior exists

 

-objective reasonableness

Term
field ID/Show up
Definition
on-the-scene ID of a suspect by a victim/witness of the crime
Term
what is criminal investigation
Definition
the process of discovering and collecting evidence
Term
modus operandi
Definition
the method or operation in which the criminal commits something
Term
exchange principle
Definition

Edmond Locard

 

no one can enter a scene without leaving a scene, nor leave without taking something

Term
field notes
Definition
brief records of what is seen or heard--used to write report
Term
sketches
Definition

1) rough --pencil drawn

2) scale --finished

 

should include case identifier, date-time-location, personnel, weather and lighting

Term
photography
Definition

-general to specific, outside to inside

-marker or ruler used

-must be material, relevant, competent

Term
4th amendment
Definition
forbids unreasonable search and seizure
Term
legal searches
Definition

if any of the conditions are met...

 

-warrant issued

-consent given

-officer stops suspicious person

-incidental to lawful arrest

-emergency exists

Term
Carrol v. US
Definition
-automobiles may be searched without a warrant if probable cause is present and car would be gone before warrant is issued
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