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| Former Ba'athist leader of Syria crushed the Muslim Brotherhood |
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| Leader of Egypt after Nasser signed Camp David Peace Accords, assassinated by militants for seeking peace with Israel |
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| Current president of Eygpt |
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| Leader of Free Officers, first president of Eygpt |
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| Broke from Irgun Zvai Leumi, led Stern Gang |
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| Israeli Prime Minister, signed camp David Peace Accords, former member of the Irgun Zvai Leumi |
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| Leader of Jordan during the Six Day War, Black September, and Yom Kippur War |
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| Head of Saudi intelligence during the Soviet-Afghan War |
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| Founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
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| Ba'athist leader of Iraq, led during Persian Gulf War (Iran-Iraq War) Desert Storm, and Operation Iraqi Freedom (Cobra II), captured by American forces and executed by the Iraqi government |
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| Member of Saddam Hussein's inner click- rose through Ba'athist trade ranks- last position was Deputy Prime Minister, Finance Minister, captured by American forces |
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| Quietest Shi'ite leader in southern Iraq- originally from Iran, returned to Iraq from Detroit after the fall of Saddam Hussein |
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| Shi'ite leader of the Mahdi Army in Southern Iraq |
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| Spiritual leader of Hezbollah |
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| Political leader of Hezbollah |
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| Current religious leader of Iran |
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| led 1978-79 Iranian Revolution, purged revolutionary forces, set up theocracy in Iran |
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| Kamel Ataturk- military founder of modern Turkey |
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| Intellectual leader of al Qaeda- bin Laden's so called Number 2 |
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| Former head of al Qaeda's military council- currently in hiding in Iran |
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| 9/11 pilot- stopped by Maryland State Police just before 9/11 for speeding |
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| Leader of al Qaeda in Iraq, killed in an ambush by US forces |
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| Founder of the PLO and Fatah |
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| Lebanese Christian, broke from Fatah, founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine |
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| Broke from the Habash, founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command |
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| Abu Nidal, founder and leader of the Abu Nidal Organization |
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| Prime Minister of the Palestine Authority |
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| Eygptian military philosopher author of "milestones" |
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| Jihadist intellectual of Central Asia |
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| Mujahadeen leader, Afghanistan |
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| Exiled leader of the Taliban |
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| Majuhadeen militia responsible for the fall of the Taliban |
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| Holy warriors during and following the Soviet-Afghan War |
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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
broke from Fatah |
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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command
broke from the PFLP |
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| Fatah's military wing from the al Aqsa Intifada, uses suicide bombings |
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| Fatah's paramilitary security force |
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Jihadist Iraqi insurgents
aka al Qaeda in Mesopotamia |
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| Kurdish jihadist group in Iraq |
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Kurdisk Worker Party
Wants a socialist Kurdistan |
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Algerian Islamic Group
headquartered in Italy after military crackdown |
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Eygptian Islamic Jihad
Led by Ayman al Zawahiri |
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| The Islamic group (Eygpt) rival group to the EIJ |
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Palestininian Islamic Jihad
Sunni Group originating in Eygpt |
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| Sunni group from first Intifada seeks an Islamic state with the elimination of Israel |
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| Shia group from 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon- backed by Iran |
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| The Students, Islamic group that ruled Afghanistan by defeating warring mujahadeen militias in 1996- fell from power October 2001 |
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| Indonesian jihadist group organized in a traditional heirarchy |
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| An organization founded by Hassan al Banna designed to recapture the spirit and religious purity during the period of Mohammed and the four Rightly Guided caliphs. The Brotherhood seeks to create a single Muslim nation through education and religious reform. A militant wing founded by Sayyid Qutb sought the same objective through violence. Hamas has rejected the multinational approach in favor of creating a Muslim Palestine wing of the Muslim Brotherhood. |
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| Israeli Defense Forces- Israel's army navy and air force |
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| The Prophet, Muslims believed he received the final prophecy |
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| (Circa 599-661) The son of Mohammed's uncle Abu Talib and married to Mohammed's oldest daughter Fatima. Ali was Mohammed's male heir because he had no surviving sons. The followers of Ali are known as Shiites. Most Shiites believe that Mohammed gave a sermon while perched on a saddle, naming Ali the heir to Islam. Differing types of Shiites accept authority from diverse lines of Ali's heirs. Sunni Muslims believe Ali is the fourth and last Rightly Guided caliph. Both Sunnis and Shiites believe Ali tried to return Islam to the purity of Mohammed's leadership in Medina |
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| Oldest daughter of Mohammed and Khadijah, married Ali |
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| Mohammed's favorite wife, reviled by Shias and blamed for inspiringthe murder of Ali |
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| Govenor of Damascusm, solidified Ummayad Empire |
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| Son of Muawiya, dispatched troops to destroy Hussein andShi'ites at Karbala |
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First Caliph
(circa 573-634) Also known as Abu Bakr as Saddiq, the first caliph selected by the Islamic community (umma) after Mohammed's death in 632. Sunnis believe Abu Bakr is the rightful heir to Mohammed's leadership, and they regard him as the first of the Rishidun, or Rightly Guided caliphs. He led military expeditions expanding Muslim influence to the north of Mecca. |
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Second Caliph
(circa 580-644) Also known as Umar ibn al Khattab, the second Rightly Guided Caliph, according to Sunnis. Under his leadership the Arab empire expanded into Persia, the southern part of the Byzantine empire, and Egypt. His army conquered Jerusalem in 637 |
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Third Caliph
(circa 580-656) Also known as Uthman ibn Affan, the third Rightly Guided caliph, according to Sunnis. He conquered most of the remaining parts of North Africa, Iran, Cyprus, and the Caucasia region. He was assassinated by his own soldiers for alleged nepotism. |
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| Leader of the Umma (Muslim community) |
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| Interpretation of Islamic law |
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| Followers of the community elected by Mohammed's companions. |
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| Followers of Mohammed's male heir. |
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| According to Flynn, the United State has simultaneously prepared to fight overseas and protect the home front. |
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| American terrorist groups have the same impact as the foreign counterparts |
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| Hamas was formed in December 1987, at the beginning of the second Intifada. |
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The best current model for homeland security is the air industry
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| Leaders of Igrun studied the tactics of Marighella |
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| Terrorism in the horn will remain a problem due to porous borders, lax security, and political instability |
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| The religious situation in Indonesia provided a climate for growth of Jihadist groups. |
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| Americans will be better prepared to secure the homeland if they have engaged in a nationwide discussion of defense in depth and its impact on civil liberties after an attack. |
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| Pakistan is not as much of a modern country as it is a modern series of tribal confederations |
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| Hezbollah international often works in conjunction with organized crime, drug trafficking, and other terrorist. |
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| Many police departments have not prepared for terrorism |
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| Jewish groups have also been involved in terrorist violence, and some of them have direct links to the United States |
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| Max Weber coined the term bureaucracy |
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| Arafat merged the Fatah into the PIJ in 1964 |
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| Most Uighar terrorism is not part of the Jihadist movement |
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| Al Qaeda was born in the last stages of the Afghan-Soviet War |
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| The American borders are vulnerable |
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| Osama bin Laden was the driving force behind another terrorist group in Egypt, the Egypt Islamic Jihad (EIJ) |
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| Thailand is experiencing a rebellion in its southern provinces |
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| Hezbollah is not part of the Jihadist network |
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| The al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades have a strong centralized structure |
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| The Sixth Amendment ensures that suspect cannot lose their right except by the due process of law |
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| Increased border protection will not protect America from Terrorism |
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| State and local officers are rewarded for thinking in terms of international issues and national security |
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| There are always tradeoffs when considering security |
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| Unlike Israel's excellent tactical record, it counterterrorism policies have stirred international controversy |
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| Different Islamic scholars (ulema) interpret jihad the same way |
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| Left-wing terrorism lost its base when student activism began to disappear from American academic life. |
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| September 11, 2001 was the opening shot in bin Laden's war against the United States and an international campaign |
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| The Middle East is a geographical, social, and historical concept |
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| The factor seperating the average criminal from the average terrorist is support |
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| The Tamil experience was similar to the situation in Kashmir |
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| Christian Idenity is based on the premise that God is white. |
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| Many state and local police executives trust the FBI |
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| The federal government undertook massive reforms and reorganizations from 2002 to 2005, in wake of 9/11 |
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| Lewis Katz says the real test of the Fourth Amendment is reasonableness |
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| Not all bureaucracies can be militarized |
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| Mainstream Muslims following the caliph were conventionally called Sunnis, while the followers of Ali became known as Shiite |
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| Ethnic violence can be traced to the founding of teh modern state of Israel |
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| Jihadist organizations took root in the United States during the Soviet-Afghan War |
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| Weber argued that bureaucracies should be designed to accomplish specific purposes |
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| Khomeini used a mixture of repressive tactics and political strategies to consolidate his power in Iran, and he is best understood within the Shi'ite tradition of Islam. |
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| Title VI of the Safe Streets Act mandates judicial review of police surveillance |
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| Peurto Rican support come primarily from Cuba |
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| The GIA followed the Qutb philosophy that no believer was really Muslim unless he or she accepted Qutb's narrow theological path |
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| Hezbollah formed in Lebanon after the Iranian Revolution |
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| In Africa, it is difficult to single out terrorism because of the violence associated with conventional and guerilla wars, several revolutions, and crime. |
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| The IACP has traditionally favored the civil role of policing over the militristic approach |
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| The trade-off between security and freedom is a new phenomenon. |
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| The displace Baathists, the Iraqis who want the United States out of the country and the Jihadist who have come to Iraq all share a common vision of the future of Iraq |
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| The October 1973 Yom Kippur, or Ramadan war caused a shift in the structure of Middle Eastern terrorism |
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| Muslims believe that Mohammed was given the direct revelation of God through Jesus |
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| The U.S. Constitution seperates the power of the three branches of government, executive, legislative, and judicial |
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| The Uighars are fighting for independence from Pakistan |
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| Edward Abbey has a hate-filled ideologue like William Pierce |
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| At the 1988 Olympic games, al Qaeda struck the olympic village and took most of the Israeli olympic team hostage, killing those who tried to escape |
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| Palestinian Islamic Jihad emerged from Egypt |
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| The GIA was connected to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. |
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| Left-wing terrorism is dominated by a belief in conspiracy and conspiracy theories |
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| Title II of the USA Patriot Act contains a sunset clause |
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| By 2007, al Qaeda was trying to reestablish some kind of leadership structure in Pakistan along the Afghan border, but al Qaeda's strength came not from its ability to command but its inspirational ability to motivate |
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| Ariel Sharon was the founder and leader of the PLO |
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| Qutb believed that the Islamic world descended into darkness after the death of Mohammed |
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| Suicide bombing became the most important tactic of all the Palestinian terrorist groups at the beginning of al Aqsa intifada |
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| Strict Muslims who follow the practices of Wahhab argue that they are trying to rid the religion of superstition and return it to the state envisioned by Mohammed and his first followers |
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| Militant Muslims embrace the reforming doctrines of Wahhab and Salafiyya and the Muslim Brotherhood |
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| As the new Russian Federation formed after the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, the Russians wanted to continue to control their possessions in Central Asia |
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| In the United States, the lead agent for counterterrorism is the CIA |
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| Hate crimes are manifestation of terrorism |
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