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Exam 10--anesthetics, neuromuscular blockers, stimulants
NA
35
Pharmacology
Graduate
03/26/2015

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Term
nitrous oxide--N2O
Definition
inhaled general anesthetic-weak, but rapid induction and recovery (induce analgesia) --colorless, odorless, air pocket expansion, depress ventillation
Term
enflurane (ethrane)
Definition
inhaled GA-potent, but slow induction (analgesia) --sweet odor, decrease in BP, contractility, and vent. rate, produces electrical SEIZURE activity
Term
isoflurane (forane)
Definition
inhaled GA-slow induction (analgesia) --pungent odor, decreases BP, vent rate, metabolic rate of brain, and renal blood flow; preferred for NEUROSURGERY
Term
desflurane (suprane)
Definition
inhaled GA-rapid induction (maintain analgesia) --irritating to lungs, so not used for induction; decrease BP and vent rate
Term
sevoflurane (ultane)
Definition
inhaled GA-rapid induction (induce/maintain analgesia) --decrease BP; preferred for patients prone to MI; reacts with soda lime
Term
propofol (diprivan)
Definition
IV GA-enhances GABA effects (induce anesthesia, most commonly used) --decreases BP, contractility, and vent rate; anti-emetic, safe in pregnant
Term
etomidate (amidate)
Definition
IV GA-enhance GABA and activates GABA receptors (induction/maintenance of anesthesia) --myoclonic movements, N/V, inhibits adrenal gland, no decrease in CO so used in patients at risk for HYPOTENSION
Term
ketamine (ketalar)
Definition
IV GA-NMDA antagonist, inhibits voltage sensitive Na/K channels (profound analgesia in battlefield/vet medicine) --emergence delirium, hallucinations, bronchodilator, increases CO, BLADDER deterioration in addicts
Term
midazolam (versed)
Definition
benzodiazepine GA adjunct-rapid onset (pre-op sedation/amnesia) --decrease brain blood flow, BP, and vent rate
Term
fentanyl (sublimaze)
Definition
opioid GA adjunct-minimize vascular reflex to noxious/painful stimuli (analgesia) --N/V, decreased vent rate, HR, BP
Term
dexmedetomidine (precedex)
Definition
central alpha2 agonist-decrease catecholamine release (sedation, GA adjunct) --decrease BP, HR, useful in NON-INTUBATED patients
Term
dantrolene (dantrium)
Definition
ryanodine receptor inhibitor (spasms, malignant hyperthermia)
Term
atracurium (tracrium)
Definition
non-depolarizing NMJ blocker -intermediate duration (GA adjunct) --apnea, histamine release, use in patients with LIVER or RENAL failure
Term
mivacurium (mivacron)
Definition
non-depolarizing NMJ blocker -short duration (GA adjunct) --metabolized by plasma cholinesterase, apnea, histamine release causing bronchospasm/hypotension
Term
rocuronium (zemuron)
Definition
non-depolarizing NMJ blocker -intermediate duration (tracheal intubation)
Term
succinylcholine (anectine)
Definition
depolarizing NMJ blocker -opens nicotinic ACh receptors allowing Na influx and slightly depolarizing neuron (short procedures such as rapid intubation) --initial fasciculations
Term
bupivacaine (marcaine, sensorcaine)
Definition
long duration amide LA-inhibits voltage gated Na channel (infiltration, nerve block, spinal, epidural, LABOR) --cardiotoxic
Term
lidocaine (xylocaine)
Definition
amide LA -inhibits voltage gated Na channel (infiltration, nerve block, spinal, epidural, topical, IV, MOST USED)
Term
ropivacaine (naropin)
Definition
long duration amide LA-inhibits voltage gated Na channel mainly on sensory neurons (LABOR)
Term
articaine (septocaine)
Definition
amide LA-inhibits voltage gated Na channel (anesthesia) --prolonged numbness
Term
benzocaine (americaine, hurricaine, chloraseptic)
Definition
ester LA-inhibits voltage gated Na channel (topically for surface anesthesia) --methemoglobinemia!!!!!
Term
cocaine hydrochloride
Definition
ester LA-inhibits voltage gated Na channel (topical use only) --abuse potential, nervousness, convulsions, cardiac failure, only LA with VASOCONSTRICTIVE effect
Term
amphetamine, d-amphetamine (benzedrine, biphetamine, adderal)
Definition
amphetamine-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (ADD)
Term
lisdexamfetamine (vyvanse)
Definition
amphetamine-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (ADHD)
Term
methamphetamine (desoxyn)
Definition
amphetamine-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (abuse)
Term
methylphenidate (ritalin)
Definition
amphetamine-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (ADD)
Term
cathinone (Khat)
Definition
amphetamine-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (herbal "bath salts")
Term
ephedrine
Definition
amphetamine-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (herbal sympathomimetic)
Term
modafanil (provigil)
Definition
amphetamine-like-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (narcolepsy/shift work disorder)
Term
armodafanil (nuvigil)
Definition
amphetamine-like-enhanced release and inhibit reuptake of NE and DA (narcolepsy/shift work disorder)
Term
caffeine
Definition
methylxanthine-possible adenosine receptor blocker (stimulant, headaches, diuretic, apnea in preterms) --cardiac/gastric stimulation, peripheral dilation, cerebral constriction, relaxation of bronchioles
Term
theophylline
Definition
methylxanthine-possible adenosine receptor blocker (ASTHMA, stimulant, apnea in preterms) --cardiac/gastric stimulation, peripheral dilation, cerebral constriction, relaxation of bronchioles
Term
aminophylline
Definition
methylxanthine-possible adenosine receptor blocker (ASTHMA, stimulant) --cardiac/gastric stimulation, peripheral dilation, cerebral constriction, relaxation of bronchioles
Term
strychnine
Definition
spinal cord stimulant-glycine receptor antagonist (convulsant used in rat poison) --treat poisoning with diazepam
Term
tetanus toxin
Definition
spinal cord stimulant-inhibits release of glycine from Renshaw cells (released by clostridium tetani) --treat with diazepam, tetanus toxoid, AB's
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