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| An explanation about the relationships between two or more variables |
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| Criminal poor beharvior rudeness |
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| All people have free will; People are hedonistic pleasure seekers. |
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| Wrote "Essays on Crime and Punishment"; the true measure of crime is the harm done to society |
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| Laws should be clear and simple; Laws should be made by legislators; laws should be applied by judegs; No secret accusations against the accused |
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| The right of government to punish offenders; Proportionality - Punishment should fit the crime; Punishment should be prompt and certain |
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| Avoid excessive punishment; Imprisonment instead of corporal punishment; Abolish torture as a means of investigation; Abolish the death penalty |
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| Classical Criminologist; Introduction to the principles of morals and legislation |
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| "the greates happiness to the greatest number of people." |
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| targets the specific offender |
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| targets the general public |
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| greek word meaning "grand view"; a prison design that looks like the Russian Gulag |
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| Individuals are rational; and make choices |
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| Contemporary Deterence Theory |
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| Certainty; Severity; Celerity; Proportionality; Specific Deterance; General Deterance; Pain should outweigh the pleasure of the crime |
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| Ne0-Classical Criminology |
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| A modification of classical criminology; character replaces free will; multicausal factors to crime |
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| Elements of direct-contact predatory crimes |
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| Motivated Offender; Suitable Target; Absence of Guardian |
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| Felson's Four Crime Categories |
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| Exploitative (Robbery); Mutualistic (Gambling); Competitive (Gang Fights); Individualistic (Drug Addiction) |
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| Wrote "The Criminal Man" beses criminality of physical being of a person not their character |
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| Italian Positivist Criminology |
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| Cesare Lambroso and Enrico Ferri |
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| Physical factors (Race Geography and Temperature); Individual Factors (Age and Gender); Social Factors (Population Religion and Culture) |
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| Believes in mulitple factors that show criminality |
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| Criminal behavior is unnatural |
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| Violations of pity and probity |
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| Pity: Murder and Violent Offenses; Probity: Theft and Property Crime |
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| Believed that the shape and size of the head showed criminality |
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| A correspondence of the physical body and the mind and how it causes criminality |
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| A study that disproved Lambroso's ideal of the "born criminal" criminals didn't weigh any more and weren't any taller than civilians |
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| Studied crime rates based on major econmoic factor |
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| Studied twins to see if they would both show criminality |
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| Studied adopted twins to see if it was social factors |
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| Created the Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence |
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| Introduced the IQ test to explain criminal behavior; wanted to control reproduction of people with lower IQ |
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| Address the interaction between biological factors and social environment |
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