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| A set of ideas explaining the observed motion of Earth's lithosphere through the mechanisms of subduction and seafloor spreading, which in turn, generate Earth's major features, including continents and ocean basins |
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| Where plates move apart, resulting upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor |
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| Where plates move towards one another resulting in the subduction (consumption) of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle. |
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| Where plates slide past each other without the production or destruction of lithosphere. |
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| A substance that cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical or mechanical means |
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| The smallest individual particle that retains the properties of an element |
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| A naturally occurring consolidated mixture (or aggregate) of minerals |
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| A naturally occurring substance with a well-defined chemical composition, is inorganic, and has a orderly internal structure. |
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| A positively charged part of the atom found in the nucleus |
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| A neutrally charged part of the atom found in the nucleus |
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| A negatively charged part of the atom found orbiting the nucleus |
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