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Ex Phys Final
Cardiovascular system
20
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
04/17/2012

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Cards

Term
Cardiovascular Function
Definition

Deliver: O2 & Nutrients

Remove: Waste

Regulates: Temperature

Term
Pathway of Blood
Definition

Aorta-Arteries-Arterioles-Capillaries-

Venules-Veins-Vena Cava

Term
Layers of Myocardium
Definition

1. Pericardium (outside)

2. Myocardium (middle)

3. Endocardium (inside)

Term
Unique aspects of Myocardium
Definition

1. Intercalated disc connection

2. Short, Branched fibers

Term
Myocardium similarities to Skeletal Muscle
Definition

1. Striated tissue

2. Contractile process

Term
Cardiac Output Equation
Definition
Q = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
Term
Preload
Definition

Increases w/ exercise

Increase EDV=Increase Ventricular Stretch=Increase SV

Increase Actin/Myosin interaction

Enhanced Ca+ kinetics

Term
Afterload
Definition
Decreases w/ exercise
Term
Primary Regulation
Definition
Cardiac Output & Blood flow distribution
Term
Where is most blood sent to during exercise?
Definition
Muscles & Skin
Term
Main factor influencing EDV
Definition

Venoconstriction

(Small change in radius=large change in volume)

Term
Contractility
Definition
Increase in Ca+ and epinephrine
Term
Autoregulation
Definition

Decreases local sympathetic output

= increased local vesodilation

(meets local blood flow demand)

Term
 Where is your cardiovascular control center (CVC) and the respiratory control center located?
Definition
Medulla
Term
O2-Hemoglobin dissociation curve
Definition

Favors "unloading" of O2 from the hemoglobin to the tissues.

Good response for exercise.  

Term
Carbon Dioxide Transport
Definition

Dissolved (7-10%)

Hemoglobin (20%)

Bicarbonate (70%)

CO2+H2O<->H2CO3<->H++HCO3-

Term

 

primary stimulus for thermoregulatory adaptations
Definition

Elevated core temperature

(2 wks to adjust, 28 days to revert)

Term
Sweat adaptations
Definition

1. Early onset of sweating

2. Higher sweat rate

3. Reduced NaCl loss in sweat

Term
Most important way of heat loss while exercising is?
Definition
Evaporation
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