Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ex Phys chapter 5
chapter 5
36
Science
Undergraduate 4
11/30/2011

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Pericardium
Definition
tough membraneous sac that encloses the heart
Term
myocardium
Definition
cardiac muscle
Term
sinoatrial node (SA node)
Definition
group of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located in the upper posterior wall of the right artria
Term
atriovenricular (AV) node
Definition
located in the right atrial wall near the center of the heart
Term
AV node
Definition
conducts the electrical impulse from the atria into the ventricles
Term
electrocardiograph
Definition
machine that measures electrical impulses in the heart
Term
electrocardiogram (ECG)
Definition
printout from an electrocardiograph
Term
Purkinje fibers
Definition
terminal branches of the AV bundle that transmit impulses through the ventricles 6x faster than through the rest of the cardiac conduction system
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
RHR lower than 60 beats/minute
Term
2 types of arrhythmias
Definition
Bradycardia and tachycardia
Term
tachycardia
Definition
RHR greater than 100 beats/minute
Term
premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
Definition
result from impulses originating outside the SA node
Term
Ventricular tachycardia
Definition
3 or more consecutive premature ventricular contractions
Term
ventricular fibrillation
Definition
contraction of the ventricular tissue is uncoordinated
Term
cardiac cycle
Definition
includes all the mechanical and electrical events that occur during one heartbeat
Term
stroke volume (SV)
Definition
amount of blood in the ventricles that is ejected
Term
end-diastolic volume (EDV)
Definition
amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
Term
end-systolic volume (ESV)
Definition
the blood left in the ventricle when its done ejecting
Term
ejection fraction (EF)
Definition
fraction of the blood pumped out of the left ventricle in relation to the amount of blood that was in the ventricle before contraction
Term
cardiac output
Definition
total volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per minute. The product of HR and SV
Term
arteries
Definition
large muscular, elastic, conduit vessels for transporting blood away from the heart to the arterioles
Term
arterioles
Definition
the site of greatest control of the circulation by the sympathetic nervous system, are sometimes called resistance vessels
Term
capillaries
Definition
the narrowest vessels, with walls only a cell thick and virtually all exchange between the blood and the tissues occurs here
Term
venules
Definition
attached to the capillaries and forms into larger vessels called veins, begins the trip for the blood back to the heart
Term
veins
Definition
largest vessels transporting blood back to the heart, specifically the right atrium
Term
systolic blood pressure (SBP)
Definition
represents the highest pressure in the artery that occurs during ventricular systole
Term
diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
Definition
represents the lowest pressure in the artery and corresponds to ventricular diastole when the ventricle is filling
Term
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Definition
represents the average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through the arteries
Term
vasoconstriction
Definition
when blood vessels get smaller
Term
vasodilation
Definition
when blood vessels get larger
Term
extrinsic neural control
Definition
redistribution at the system or body level is controlled by neural mechanisms, the control comes from outside the specific area
Term
baroreceptors
Definition
specialized pressure sensors located in the aortic arch and the carotid arteries, are sensitive to changes in arterial pressure
Term
chemoreceptors/mechanoreceptors
Definition
send information about chemical environmentin the muscle and the length and tension of the muscle to the cardiovascular control centers, can also modify the blood pressure response and are especially important during exercise
Term
hematocrit
Definition
the percentage of the total blood volume composed of cells or formed elements 
Term
hematopoiesis
Definition
red blood cells/erythrocytes replaced with new cells on a reoccuring basis
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
in red blood cells/erythrocytes and bounds with oxygen to able to carry it throughout the body
Supporting users have an ad free experience!