Term
Natural Selection
(1858, Darwin & Wallace) |
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Definition
Shapes organisms
Acts as evolutionary mechanism
Acts on genetic variation
1) Directional: drives feature in 1 direction
2) Stabilizing: produces intermediate traits, status quo preserved
3) Disruptive: drives trait in 2 or more directions |
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| Area's sum total of all organisms |
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Definition
Main mode.
Formation of new species due to physical separation of populations.
-Ex: by mountains, glaciers, rivers |
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Populations reproductively isolated within the same area - reproduction leads to new group - gene pool alteration - reproduction of new group - can lead to new species
Hybridization and/or mutation
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One species evolves in many different directions
Ex: Birds developing different beak shapes based on the food they eat. |
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Different species evolve towards one common form
Ex: similarity in wings of insect, bird, pterosaur and bat. Trait is shared, but each evolved independantly |
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Can only exist in a specialized area.
-Very susceptible to extinction
-Usually have small populations |
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Through complex system of positive/negative feedback, life on Earth regulates planetary environment to help sustain life
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Nutrient over-enrichment, algal blooms, increased production of organic matter, ecosystem degradation
Primary limiting factor of eutrophication is phosphorus availability
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| Photic and Aphotic Zones in Lakes and Oceans |
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Definition
Photic: zone of intense sunlight
Aphotic: usually deep waters, little or no sunlight |
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Form of anaerobic respiration in methanogen microbes. The process absorbs carbon dioxide but emits methane, a significantly more potent GHG.
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Oceanic sequestration of carbon from atmosphere -> deep sea.
Cycling of organic matter produced by phytoplankton during photosynthesis.
Cycling of calcium carbonate (CO3) |
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| Transformation of bioavailable carbon into pools of inert organic carbon deeper in the ocean. |
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Transformation of dissolved organic carbon into particulate organic carbon via heterotrophic bacteria. Recycling carbon back to food webs
Zooplankton can access POM and not DOM |
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