Term
| Mesenchymal cells DO NOT differentiate into |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are Macrophage-like type A Synovial cells derived from |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| clear, viscous liquid derived from blood plasma with high concentration of hyaluronan. Lubricant for joints. |
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Term
| What do type A synovial cells do? |
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Definition
| remove wear-and-tear debris from the synovial fluid and regulate inflammatory events |
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Term
| What do type B (fibroblastic) synovial cells do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is involved in degradation of collagen? |
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Definition
| Matrix metalloproteinases |
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Term
| What are the three forms of cartilage? |
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Definition
| Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage |
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Term
| What are the cells of cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common type of cartilage in the body? |
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Definition
| Hyaline Cartilage (with type II collagen) |
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Term
| Which ECM fiber has the defining structure of a triple helix? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of collagens? |
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Definition
| Fibrillar, Sheet-forming, and Linking/anchoring |
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Term
| What type of collagen is the sheet forming collagen? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of collagen is fibrillar collagen? |
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Definition
| I, II, and III (with type I being the most abundant) |
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Term
| What gives the white adipose its natural color when freshly removed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gives brown adipose its natural color? |
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Definition
| Cytochrome C and a large number of capillaries |
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Term
| Norepinephrine released from nerve endings activates what hormone to break down what in adipocyte stimulation? |
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Definition
| Hormone-sensitive lipase; breaks down triglycerides (converts to glycerol and fatty acids) Glycerol enters blood and is taken up by liver. Fatty acids bind to albumin to be transported throughout body. |
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Term
| What is the most common type of cartilage in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is most abundant proteoglycan in the ECM? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mediates adherence of chondrocytes to the ECM? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary type of collagen found in hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is primary collagen found in fibrocartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What distinguishes fibrocartilage from Elastic and Hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
| No distinct perichondrium |
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Term
| Which compound is secreted by osteoblasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Osteocalcin is involved in what? |
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Definition
| calcification of the matrix |
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Term
| List and describe steps of endochondral ossification? |
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Definition
| Cartilage forms a model of bone to be made, bone collar forms, degeneration of cartilage in bone collar, capillaries invade to provide osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoid is deposited by osteoblasts and is calcified |
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Term
| Which type of bone is produced first? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary type of bone (which replaces woven bone)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What inhibits resorption of calcium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates resorption and calcium release in bone tissue? |
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Definition
| The Parathyroid gland hormone (PTH) |
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Term
| What percent of the calcium reservoir is found in the skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the support cells of the nervous system is involved in moving CSF? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nervous system support cells produce myelin sheaths around axons to provide electircal insulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nervous system support cells are the most numerous glial cells in CNS and function as regulators? |
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Definition
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Term
| Retrograde transport refers to the transport of materials where? |
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Definition
| From axon TO THE CELL BODY |
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Term
| Anterograde transport refers to transport from where? |
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Definition
| FROM THE CELL BODY through the axon |
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Term
| Nervous components such as sensory neurons that recieve stimuli are.....? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nervous components such as motor neurons which send impulses are....? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which layer of meninges acts as a cushion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three connevtive tissue layers covering the CNS make up the meninges? |
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Definition
| Dura Mater, Arachnoid, and Pia Mater |
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Term
| What functions to remove water from blood and release it as CSF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three main components of the peripheral nervous system? |
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Definition
| nerves, ganglia, and nerve endings |
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Term
| What are the major regions of the Central Nervous System? |
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Definition
| Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Spinal Cord |
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Term
| A sarcomere is a subunit of muscle measuring from what? |
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Definition
| Z disc to the next Z disc |
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Term
| What are the three types of muscle tissue? |
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Definition
| Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth |
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Term
| Skeletal muscles exhibits light and dark bands called... |
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Definition
| A bands, I bands, and Z disc |
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Term
| What is folded into the T tubules of muscle cells? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What enzyme supplies ATP to muscle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The role of myoglobin in muscle is to provide... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why does cartilage exhibit slow repair? |
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Definition
| Because it is avascular, containing no blood vessels. |
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Term
| What are the steps of muscle contraction? |
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Definition
1.Aceytlcholine is released from neuron to cause calcium release in muscle.
2. Calcium binds troponin to cause tropomyosin to move actin revealing action sites.
3. Mysosin binds to actin and changes shape to pull actin (requires ATP).
4. Calcium is reabsorbed to end contraction by tropomyosin covering actin. |
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Term
| What is the largest protein in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Draw an action potential chart. |
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Definition
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Term
| List one stimulatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter |
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Definition
Adenosine, GABA- inhibitory
Norepinephrine, Acetylcholine- stimulatory |
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Term
| What is a neurotransmitter which can be both inhibitory and stimulatory? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is a neurotransmitter which can be both inhibitory and stimulatory? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Influences muscle tone and opens and closes various ion channels |
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