Term
| Birthday and death of Darwin (D) |
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Definition
12 feb, 1809
19 april, 1882 |
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Term
Who is D's dad?
What was his profession? |
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Definition
Robert Waring Darwin
physician and investor |
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Term
D's mother
name
background |
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Definition
Susannah Wedgwood
Wedgwood is the family associated with the wealthy Wedgwood China industry |
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Term
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Definition
Shrewsbury, England
in his family home called "The Mount" |
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Term
| What was D's first school experience? |
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Definition
| He attended Shrewsbury School in England. He attended with is brother and they were a little bored by it. They had other projects outside of school that they worked on and learned from together. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Schoolwise, where did D go after Shrewsbury School? How old was he at this time? What were the conditions of this move? |
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Definition
He was 16
His father wanted him to become a physician.
He attened Medical School at Edinburgh University |
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Term
| Who was Darwin's first influence at EU? What concept did he introduce to D? How did this relationship develop? |
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Definition
| Robert Grant, professor of natural history. Introduced D to Lamarkian theory, snails and sponges. As time progressed D grew to dislike Grant and became critical of his ideas. |
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Term
What extracurricular activity took D's time at EU?
What did D contribute to this group? |
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Definition
Plinian Society=undergrad natural historians
D contributed his work on the Flustra (a seaweed looking thing) |
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Term
| What ultimately drove D away from medical school? |
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Definition
| The was appalled by cadaver dissections and the dark underbelly of the medical world (black market for bodies) |
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Term
| What did Darwin do after his efforts at medical school? Why did he do this (2 reasons)? |
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Definition
He joined the clergy at Christ College of Cambridge U
His dad wanted him to do it (and was paying)
Clergymen were often also natural historians. |
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Term
| Who were Darwin's major influences at Cambridge? What did they believe in and teach? |
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Definition
Adam Sedgwick: prof of geology and math and clergyman. believed in divine interventions over long periods of time.
John Henslow: prof o mineralogy and botany and clergyman |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the HMS Beagle's voyage? How did Darwin get on board? How old was he when they left? |
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Definition
The trip was a trip around the world to survey areas (esp. SA)
Darwin got on board because his dad paid for him to do so. He was considered the Captains Companion bc the captain was a dick and none of his crew liked him.
He was 22 when he left. |
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Term
| what type of boat was the HMS beagle? |
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Definition
Cherokee class survey ship
called the "Coffin Brig" because they sank so much |
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Term
| who was the captain of the beagle? What was he like? How did he die? |
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Definition
Cpt Robert Fitzroy
emotionally unstable, had a violent tember and frequent mood swings
he committed suicide
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Term
| How long was the beagle gone? years? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did D become the ship's naturalist? What did he do as a naturalist? |
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Definition
The ship had a physician who played the role of a naturalist who collected things on the journey. Darwin did this too, quite well, and the physician got pissed an quit.
As the naturalist, D collected things and sent them to Henslow. He sent plants to Hedwick to study. |
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Term
| What did Darwin do 75% of the time he was abroad? |
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Definition
| He spent it on land! He explored for months at at time. He never overcame his sea sickness so he avoided being on the ship too long. |
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Term
| What geological discovery did D ahve? What inspired/confirmed it? |
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Definition
While exploring the Andes, D thought that they seemed like old and volcanic structures. He found sea beds up there with marine fossils too.
He experienced an eathquake while at sea. He saw a portion of the earths crust rise out of the water and he saw the marine life exposed dying on it. This explained to him the formation of mountains. |
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Term
| What publication helped Darwin confirm his beliefs on the formation of the Andes? What as the main theory in this publication? |
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Definition
Charles Lyell wrote Principles on Geology that explained geological phenomina as occuring over millions of years.
This change was described as uniformitarianism |
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Term
| How many islands in the Galapagos? |
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Definition
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Term
| Geographically speaking, which of the Galapagos islands are still volcanic? Why? |
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Definition
the western islands are active.
this is because the cracked crust has been shifting from east to west making the Eastern most islands the oldest. |
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Term
| What was the time period in which Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands? |
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Definition
| Between Sept 15 and Oct 18th in 1835 |
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Term
| What effect did the native humans on the Galapagos have on Darwin? What were they called? |
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Definition
They were called the Fuegians.
They appeared different than people as Darwin knew them. He thought they seemed less developed and made him think that people may have slowly changed over time (like the earth's crust) |
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Term
| What kind of reception did D get upon his return? |
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Definition
He was famous. He was inducted into the Royal Society of London.
They had been taking notice of him because of all of the interesting things that he had been sending back from South America. |
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Term
What was Darwin's first major publication?
Who did he have to share credit with?
When was it published? |
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Definition
The Voyage of the Beagle.
Captain Fitzroy (and egotist) required that his name be placed on the publication as well.
1839 |
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Term
| What did D do after his big publication? Why? |
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Definition
| He began editing the works his scientist buddies. He took their finding on the specimen that he had sent them and compiled them into a big thing called "The Zoology of the Voyage of the HMS Beagle" |
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Term
| Who was D's wife? When did he get married? How many kids did he have? |
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Definition
| Emma Wedgwood. Cousin. 1842. 9 kids. |
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Term
| Under what conditions did Darwin develop his major theory. What was it called? How did his father contribute? |
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Definition
| His dad was pleased with D's success as a naturalist so he continued to fund Darwin's projects. D used the $ to build himself a quite getaway called "Down House." At the time he was ill with gastrointestinal probs and he used the time alone in his house to formulate his evolutionary theory. He called it "transmutation." |
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Term
| Outside of his broad theories. What was Dawin's speciality? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did D keep his theories on transmutation? |
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Definition
| He kept them secretly in a notebook b/c it was so controversial. |
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Term
| What's an atoll and what does it have to do with D? |
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Definition
An atoll is coral reef surrounding a receding volcano.
Darwin described these and other theories on land formatin and geology in "The Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle" |
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Term
| Who did D fear criticism from in regards to his transmutationist theory? |
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Definition
Henslow and Sedgwick
Owen
Lyell
Royal Society of London (paid for by Church of Eng)
Emma |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a creationist who hated Darwin yet described certain species for him in the beginning. |
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Term
| What did D do with his theory to avoid persecution? |
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Definition
| He sealed in up and gave it to Emma for it to be released after he died. |
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Term
Who ultimately encouraged D to publish his works?
What did he do for a living? |
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Definition
Alfred Russel Wallace
He had traveled to SA and Malay and formed a similar evolutionary theory to D's. He sent D a manuscript and D recognized their eery similarities.
Wallace wa a museum propreiter. He was poor and humble. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomist and friend of D who presented D and Wallace's joint publication. |
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Term
Describe the first presentation of D's work.
Who presented it?
When?
Who was it presented to?
Response?
Why wasn't D and Wallace there?
What was it called? |
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Definition
presented by Lyell and Hooker.
July 1858
Presented to Linnean Society of London.
Didn't receive much of a response.
Wallace didn't go cause D didnt go and D didnt go because his son had just died.
It was called "On the Tendency of Species fo Form Varieties"
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Term
After the disaster at the Linnean Society what did D do to try to get his work out again? What did he do before he went public? What was the public's response?
When was it released? |
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Definition
1 yr later he published a book but asked Wallace first if it was okay.
Wallace said it was fine. There are letter correspondances to prove this.
He published "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"
His book sold out the first day. and Oven accosted him on the street.
Released on Nov 22, 1859 |
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Term
| What did D describe in The Origin? |
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Definition
Descent with modification
--transformation aka evolution
Natural Selection
--mechanism by which evolution occurs
--some traits are beneficial so they are more likely to survive and reproduce
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