Term
| Who inspired D's ideas of survivalship? what was it ultimately called? who coined this term? |
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Definition
| Malthus. Survial of the Fittest. Wallace |
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Term
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Definition
| nonrandom differential reproductive success among individuals within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| aggregate of indivituals of the same spp that interbreed |
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Term
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Definition
| sum total of all alleles at a loci within a popultaion or the genetic make up of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| maternal/paternal gen w/certain qualities |
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Term
| according to the "essay" how does population grow |
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Definition
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Term
| what does offspring survival depend on? |
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Definition
| traits that were inheritied from parents |
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Term
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Definition
| # of offspring that live to reproduce themselves of # of copies of an individuals alleles that are contributed to the next generation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any trait that comes in to existence by NS |
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Term
| what factors are the root of random traits that arise? |
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Definition
| mutation/genetic drift/incest |
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Term
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Definition
1. trait variation among individuals within a population
2. variation in fitness associated with variation in traits
3. traits are heritable |
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Term
| how is NS theory diff from Lamarckian? |
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Definition
L said that 1. individual variation was NOT important 2. all individuals of a species change simultaneously
3. linear change |
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Term
| what human action did darwin relate to natural selection? |
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Definition
| unnatural selection in breeding (dogs, plants, horses etc...) |
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Term
| Who was the most aggressive challenger of D? What did he do? Who did he support? |
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Definition
| Owen, comparative anatomist/surgeon, Church |
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Term
| who supported D the most through his critisms? What was he? |
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Definition
| Thomas Huxley. Invert comparative anatamist |
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Term
| What were the 5 main critisms of D? |
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Definition
| 1. NS is tautology 2. NS is a mystical force 3. trait inheritance couldnt occur, traits seem to blend 4. they thought the earth was too young (a few thousand yrs) to have had time for evolution 5. irreducible complexity (a compley organ cannot function without all of it's components ei. a half an eye would not have been a funcional adaptation to occur before the eye) |
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Term
| tautology and it's affects on D's theory/ |
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Definition
| that which is true by definition. made "survival of the fittest" sound like "survival of the survivers" |
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Term
| how did D respond to his criticism? |
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Definition
| he reprinted his book with his responses |
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Term
| What does it mean when critics say that NS is a "mystical force?" |
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Definition
| they though God had a direction/purpose for each static trait. not that is was driven to change. |
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Term
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Definition
| particles of parental tissues within gametes taht direct development |
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Term
| how long did D think the earth had been around? |
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Definition
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Term
| uniformatariansim. who came up with it. |
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Definition
| slow ongoing processes are responsible for present-day geologic features. lyell. |
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Term
| what influenced D to believe that species change gradually? |
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Definition
| Lyells beliefs on geographic uniformatarianism |
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Term
| what's the main question of irreducible complexity? |
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Definition
| how can a complex structure be adaptive during transitional stages? |
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Term
| how did darwin explain his opposers thoughts on irreducible complexity? |
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Definition
he compared the eye of various organisms to show that there were in fact transitional components of they eye that were both less complex and also adaptive
light sensors -> light sensor that detect movent->eye that detects clear images |
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Term
| what is trait polarity? ex? |
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Definition
it is the idea that certain adaptations continue to adapt towards a common function. Adaptation in the same direction.
ex. visual acuity (seeing clearly) tends towards optimal visual acuity. |
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Term
| what primitive vert anscestor has one of the earliest forms of the eye? what does it do? |
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Definition
lancelets
it is simply a light sensor |
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Term
| what structure supports the eyeball? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the evolution of the eye cup with examples of animals in each category. |
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Definition
first there were organisms (flatworms and annelids) with photsensitive epithelium that detected light. next the gastropods developed a simple eye cup that added directionality to the light as well as focus. not the deeper eye cup is used by most phyla. this form reduced light that comes in to create a clearer image.
Then we get the "pinhole eye" in molluscs that futher reduces light and make an even better image. In gastropods a lens diveloped followed by the iris surrounding and controling the lens. The lens+iris is seen in fish, squid, gastropods, annelids and crustaceans. |
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Term
| how is eye evolution an example of trait polarity? |
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Definition
| both gastropods and humans developed eyes independantly of one one another indicating that the eye is a very beneficial adaptation. |
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Term
| evolution aside, (aka proving that intermediate eye structure were functional without being complex) what other peice of evidence disproved the idea of "irreducible complexity" |
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Definition
| even though eyes are "perfect" they break down all the time. |
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Term
| after all of his big publications, Darwin published at least 8 more big pieces. What were they? If neccessary describe what they were about. |
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Definition
1. Movement in Plants
2. Carnivorous Plants
3. Plant Fertilization Systems
4. Reproductive Biology of Orchids
5. Variation Under Domestication (shows neg side to breeding)
6. The descent of Man in Relation to Sex (sexual seletion)
7. Expressions of the Emotions (compared facial expressions in humans and primates)
8. Biology of Earthworms (why tombstones sink) |
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Term
| Who did Darwin work with in his last project before he died? |
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Definition
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Term
| what did D die from? How old was he? Where was he buried? Who put him there? Where did he want to be buried? |
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Definition
heart failure
77
westminster abby
hooker and hukley got him a spot in the abby
Down House |
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