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Aristotle, Ancient Greeks, The great chain of being |
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| Jussieu, classification based on multiple features of organisms |
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| inheritance of acquired characteristic |
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| rationalism vs. empericism |
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| idea first vs. data first |
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| Rationalist belief of background theories stating what kinds of entities exist and what their fundamental meanings and relationships are. |
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| ability of an organism to survive and reproduce |
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| chracteristics are found in the embryo but not at birth which show ancestry |
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| pelvic bones of whales, appendix in humans |
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| same evolutionary origins |
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| Darwin's Obesrvations Aboard the Beagle |
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| biological richness of tropical forests, fossils, oceanic islands species, geographic distribution of species |
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Economist, more are born than there are resources to sustain |
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| A feature shared by two lineages because of descent from an ancestor that had that feature |
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| A heritable change in the homology along a lineage from a prior state to a posterior state |
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| The splitting of one lineage into two lineages (speciation) |
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| The blending of two lineages into one lineage (hybridization/viruses) |
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| all and only descendetns of a common ancestor |
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| homologous similarities among organizms because of a shared immediate ancestry |
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| homologous similarties in organisms due to a shared distant ancestor |
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| a group that excludes some of the descendants of a common ancestor |
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| synonymous vs non-synonymous mutation |
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| synonymous are not expressed differently in the phenotype |
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| unknown bias between synonymous codons |
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| same genes in different species |
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gene duplication, two hands |
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| 4 requirements for an adaptation |
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| engineering, heritability, natural selections, phylogeny |
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| distinguished species, doesn't help draw evolutionary connections |
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| evolved in one environmental context but becomes beneficial in another. Preadaptation without any intention implied |
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| the evolutionary divergence of members of a single phylogenetic line into a variety of different adaptive forms, usually with reference to diversification in the use of resources and habitats. |
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| reappearance of ancestral traits that have been absent in intervening generations |
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| convergent evolutionary trait |
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| Rate of evolution differs from group to group and within a group |
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| species that have morphologically changed very little from their ancestors, still as "evolved" at DNA level |
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| Evolution occurring in spurts, creating "punctuation" in the fossil record. The norm is long periods of evolutionary stasis punctuated by spurts of relative rapid evolution. |
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| Gradualism vs. punctuated Equilibria |
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| constant slow evolution or rapid spurted by environment change or migration or something |
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| difference in relative ratese of various parts of the body. babies and heads |
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| evolutionary change sin the timing or rate of development |
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| a sexually mature adult that retains features that were juvenile structures in its evolutionary ancestors. humans are paedomorphs of chimps |
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| extending developing past the ancestral stage. growing huge antlers |
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| controls where specific dna patterns are expressed. on and off regulators |
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| major events in the history of life that are revealed by the fossil record. "Evolution above the species level". ex formation of higher taxa, origin of novel features, extinctions.... |
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| changes in the gene pool of a population over successive generations. |
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| Boundary between Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Volcano explosions in Siberia |
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| Cretaceous Mass Extinction |
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| Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Crater hits Yucatan |
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| Studied how inorganic compounds could make organic ones, simulated conditions of early earth |
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| Preserved pollen that did not decompose |
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| sediments accumulated on top of the leaf and compressed it into a thin carbon-rich film |
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| the branch that decomposes after it was burried and then left a hold |
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| slowly decaying tree gets filled with chemicals until its replaced |
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| Steno's Law of Superposition |
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| strata at the bottom are older than strata on top |
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| Index Fossils of Different PLaces |
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| dating the shit around it instead |
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| Paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic |
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| cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, permian |
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| triassic jurassic cretaceous |
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| mississippian, pennsylvanian |
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| paleocene, eocene, oligocene |
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| miocene, pliocene, plestocene, holocene |
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| Three things that happened in precambrian |
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| earth born 4.6 bya, life begins 3.5 bya, by the end, prokaryotes and eukaryotes and multicellular marine invertebrates. |
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| begins and ends with invertebrate radiation and extinction, movement onto land, appearance of vertebrates |
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| origin of mammalas birds and flowers, rise and fall of dinasours |
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| pollinating insects diversify, homo sapiens |
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| species get separated by continental drift |
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