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Natural Theologist
Travelled on the HMS Beagle
5 years all around the world
Founded the Galapagos Finches
Published Origin Of Species in 1859 |
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Definition
similar in structure but different in function
Example: human hand, bat wing |
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similar in function, different in structure
Example: bat wing, bird wing |
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useless feature
Example: appendix, snake hipbones |
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| A change in adaptive characteristics in a population and the underlying genes over time. |
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| the ratio of a particular allele to the total of all other alleles of the same gene in a given population. |
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| new variation of a species generated |
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| Occurs when the most common phenotypes within a population are most favoured by the environment. |
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| Occurs when environment favours individuals with more extreme variations of a trait. |
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| Favours individuals with variations at opposite extremes of a trait over individuals with intermediate variations. |
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| Favours the selection of any trait that influences the mating success of the individual. |
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| sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events |
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| the reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors. |
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Definition
| Morphological structure that enhances the survivability and hence reproductive success of an individual. |
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| Morphological: Camouflage |
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Definition
| Any resemblance of an organism to some other feature of its environment that serves to conceal it. |
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| Morphological: Aposematic Coloration |
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Definition
| Advertising that organism is poisonous or bad tasting. |
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Definition
When a palatable or harmless species resembles an unpalatable or potentially harmful species.
When a palatable or harmless species resembles an unpalatable or potentially harmful species. |
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| Adaptations based on internal physiological processes. |
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| An action that an organism takes that significantly increases its survival and/or reproductive success relative to other members of the population. |
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Definition
Males compete directly with males and females mate with winners.
Combat
Sperm warfare
Infanticide
Bisexual |
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Definition
| Males do not directly control access to females or resources and therefore must advertise for mates. |
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Definition
| The members of groups or populations that interbreed or have the ability to interbreed with each other under natural conditions. |
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Definition
| Potential mates do not meet do to habitat preference. |
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Definition
| Potential mates meet but are not reproductively active at the same time of day. |
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Definition
| Potential mates do not send appropriate stimuli. |
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Definition
| Copulation is attempted but sperm or pollen is not transferred. |
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Definition
| Male gamete is transferred but does not fuse with female gamete. |
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| Postzygotic: Zygotic Mortality |
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Definition
| zygote does and does not reach maturity |
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| Postzygotic: Hybrid Inviability |
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Definition
| Hybrids do not survive to reproductive age. |
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| Postzygotic: Hybrid Infertility |
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Definition
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| Modes Of Speciation: Allopatric |
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Definition
| Formation of new species via physical isolation. |
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| Modes Of Speciation: Sympatric |
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Definition
| Daughter species occurs within a parent population. |
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| Modes Of Evolution: Divergence |
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Definition
| Newly emerging species becoming increasingly different from each other over time. |
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| Modes Of Evolution: Adaptive Radiation |
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Definition
| Rapid diversification into a wide variety of ecological niches (e.g. finches) |
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| Modes Of Evolution: Parallel |
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Definition
| Similar evolutionary change occurring simultaneously in separated lines of descent. |
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| Modes Of Evolution: Iterative |
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Definition
| One continuous species branches off into several short lived species. |
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| Modes Of Evolution: Convergence |
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Definition
| Independent evolution of similar structures in distantly related organisms because organisms have adapted similar ecological niches. |
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Definition
| Characterized by large eyes, NOCTURNAL behaviour and long tails. |
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| Characterized by DIURNAL behaviour, eat more fruits and veggies, enlarged brain, complex social groups and prolonged period of caring for young. |
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Definition
massive chewing and neck muscles
bipedal
Example: Lucy |
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Definition
huge molars
dorsal crest for attachment of jaw |
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Definition
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Definition
first to use and control fire
social groups |
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Definition
adapted to weather
first to use clothing |
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Definition
controlled environment
chin |
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Definition
| Races area result of different selective pressures. |
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Definition
Out of Africa Teory
All humans evolved in Africa and then travelled |
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| Distinctive Characteristics |
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Definition
| Bipedalism, Tools, Language, Massive brain |
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